Term
What area of the cell cycle do each type of drug work at?
Vinca Alkaloids
Taxols
Antimetabolites
Etoposide
Bleomycin |
|
Definition
Vinca alkaloids: M phase
Vincristine
Vinblastine
Taxols: M phase
Paclitaxel
Antimetabolites: S Phase
Methotrexate
5-FU
6-MP
6-TG
Cytarabine
Etoposide: S Phase and G2 Phase
Bleomycin: G2 Phase
|
|
|
Term
What drugs work at the different areas of cellular reproduction?
Nucleotide synthesis → DNA → RNA →
protein → cellular division
|
|
Definition
Nucleotide Synthesis:
↓ thymidine synthesis:
Methotrexate, 5-FU
↓ purine synthesis
6-MP
DNA:
Cross-Link DNA:
Alkylating Agents, Cisplatin
DNA intercalators:
Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin
Topoisomerase II inhibitor:
Etoposide
Cellular Division:
Inhibit Microtubule formation:
Vinca Alkaloids
Inhibits Microtuble Disassembly:
Paclitaxel
|
|
|
Term
| What drug is a Folic Acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase? What does this do? |
|
Definition
Methotrexate
↓ dTMP → ↓ DNA and ↓ protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What drug causes Myelosuppression that is reversed with Leucovorin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is a Pyrimidine analog that when activated complexes with folic acid and inhibits thymidylate synthase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Myelosuppression caused by 5-FU rescued? |
|
Definition
Thymidine
(not reversible with leucovorin) |
|
|
Term
| What drug can be applied topically to treat Basal Cell Carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 drugs decrease Thymidine synthesis to inhibit Nucleotide synthesis? |
|
Definition
Methotrexate
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) |
|
|
Term
| What 2 drugs are Purine analogs that decrease de novo purine synthesis? What are these drugs activated by? |
|
Definition
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
6-thioguanine (6-TG)
Activated by HGPRTase |
|
|
Term
What purine analog is metabolized by xanthine oxidase, so can not be given with allopurinol?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is a pyrimidine analog and causes inhibition of DNA polymerase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What phase of the cell cycle do the Antimetabolites inhibit?
Methotrexate
5-FU
6-MP
6-TG
Cytarabine
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 drugs Intercalates in DNA, decreasing replication? |
|
Definition
Dactinomycin
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
(Noncovalently intercalates) |
|
|
Term
What DNA intercalator is used for childhood Tumors?
(Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What antitumor antibiotics are Cardiotoxic?
What can be used to preven Cardiotoxicity? |
|
Definition
Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
To Prevent Cardiotoxicity:
Dexrazoxane
(iron chelating agent) |
|
|
Term
| What antitumor antibiotic induces free radical formation which causes breaks in DNA strands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs cause Pulmonary Fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat Testicular cancer? |
|
Definition
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Cisplatin, Carboplatin
|
|
|
Term
| What drug inhibits topoisomerase II causing increased DNA degradation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug covalently cross-links DNA at guanine N-7 once activated by the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis that can be prevented with Mesna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat Brain Tumors because the cross the blood-brain barrier? |
|
Definition
Nitrosoureas:
Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine
Streptozocin |
|
|
Term
| What drug Alkylates DNA and can be used to ablate bone marrow before bone marrow transplantation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs block the polymerization of Microtubules so mitotic spindles cannot form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubles in M-phase so mitotic spindles cannot break down? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drugs cross-link DNA to inhibit cell growth, but can cause Nephrotoxicity and acoustic Nerve Damage?
How can the Nephrotoxicty be prevented? |
|
Definition
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
To prevent Nephrotoxicity:
Amifostine and Chloride diuresis |
|
|
Term
What drug inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, leading to decrease in DNA Synthesis?
What Phase of the cell cycle does this inhibit?
What is this drug used for?
|
|
Definition
Hydroxyurea
S-Phase Specific
Clinical Use:
Melanoma
CML
Sickle cell disease |
|
|
Term
| Why is Hydroxyurea useful in the treatment of sickle cell disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What mechanism of Prednisone makes it useful in antineoplastic treatment?
What cancers is it used for? |
|
Definition
Prednisone
May trigger apoptosis
Clinical Use:
Hodgkin's Lymphomas
CLL |
|
|
Term
What are all of the side effects of Prednisone Toxicity?
(9) |
|
Definition
Cushing-like symptoms
Immunosuppression
Cataracts
Acne
Osteoporosis
Hypertension
Peptic Ulcers
Hyperglycemia
Psychosis |
|
|
Term
What drugs Block the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptor-positive cells?
What are these drugs used for? |
|
Definition
SERMS:
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Clinical Use:
Breast Cancer |
|
|
Term
| What SERM may increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma via partial agonist effects? |
|
Definition
Tamoxifen
(can also cause "hot flashes" |
|
|
Term
| What SERM is an endometrial antagonist so does not increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is an Monoclonal antibody against the tyrosine kinase, HER-2 (erb-B2)?
What is this drug used for? |
|
Definition
Trastuzumab
Clinical Use:
Metastatic Breast Cancer |
|
|
Term
| What side effect does Trastuzumab have that is similar to Doxorubicin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What drug is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the Philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl?
What is this drug used to treat? |
|
Definition
Imatinib
Clinical Use:
CML
GI stromal tumors |
|
|
Term
What drug is a monoclonal antibody against CD20?
Where is CD20 found?
What is this drug used to treat? |
|
Definition
Rituximab
CD20 is found on most B-cell neoplasms
Clinical Use:
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Rheumatoid arthritis (with methotrexate) |
|
|
Term
| What toxicities do Cisplatin and Carboplatin have? |
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxic and Acoustic Nerve Damage |
|
|
Term
| What Toxicity does Vincristine have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What toxicity does Bleomycin and Buslufan have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What toxicity does Doxorubicine have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What toxicity does Cyclophosphamide have? |
|
Definition
|
|
