Term
| Antigen is located where? Can consist of what? |
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Definition
| on the surface of a cell. Protein, Lipid or oligosaccharid based. |
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Term
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Definition
1st: Surface Barriers (non-specific)
2nd: Innate Immunity (non-specific)
3rd: Adapative Immunity (specific) |
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Term
| Mechanisms of First line of defense (Surface Barriers)? |
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Definition
| Skin/Linings, normal bacterial flora, mucus, cilia, lysozymes, tears, saliva, gastric fluid, urine (pH/flushing), mild diarrhea (flushing) |
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Term
| Mechanisms of Second Line of defense (innate immunity) |
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Definition
| Phagocytosis(macrophages detect threat, release cytokines), inflammation, fever, complement molecules (membrane attack complexes, binds to pathogens, attracts phagocytes, trigger inflammation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein/signaling molecule, usually to attract other immune cells. 3 types interleukins, interferons, temor necrosis factor. |
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Term
| Difference between 3 types of cytokines: interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factor. |
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Definition
Interleukins (IL) - stim inflammation and fever, b/t cell div, attract phagocytes
Interferons - adaptive, viruses and cancer cells
Tumor Necrosis Facter - triggers inlammation and kills tumer cells |
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Term
| 4 signs of Inflammatory response? |
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Definition
| redness, heat (from increased bloodflow) swelling, pain (from fluids/pressure) |
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Term
| Steps of Inflammatory response? |
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Definition
| HVWLC (Histamines - from mast cells cause)(Vasodilation and cappillary permeablility)(Warmth - from bloodflow)(Leukocytes - more brought in by bloodflow)(Cytokines released by neutrophils) |
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Term
| Mechanisms of Third line of defense (Adaptive Immunity)? |
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Definition
| Macrophages/neutrophils are phagocytic, basophils/mast cells, B/T Cells, Complement system |
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Term
| Which is specific and which is non specific? |
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Definition
| 1st and 2nd line are non-specific and innate. 3rd line is adaptive/specific |
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Term
| Which molecule makes holes in cell membranes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the signaling molecule that recruits phagocytic cells? |
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Definition
| Cytokines (released by neutrophils/macrophages) |
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Term
| T/F Interferons are a type of cytokine |
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Definition
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Term
| What does histamine do and where is it secreted from? |
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Definition
| Triggers inflammatory response, opens blood vessels. From mast cells and basophils. |
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Term
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Definition
Innate: fast response, 1000 preset receptors, triggered by damage/proteins on microbes, NO memory
Adaptive: slow response, billions of antigen receptors, LONG TERM memory |
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Term
| Purpose of lymphatic system |
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Definition
| pick up fluid lost from capillaries and return to blood, defend against pathogens, absorb fats |
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Term
| Lymphatic vessels are (one-way/two-way)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 primary Lymphoid organs (where things mature) |
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Definition
| Red bone marrow and thymus gland |
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Term
| Name the 2 secondary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| in bone (red bone marrow) decreases with age. "B" is from bursa from chickens |
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Term
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Definition
| thymus gland. (bi-lobed gland above heart) shrinks with age) |
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Term
| What is the spleen and where is it? |
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Definition
| Secondary organ. under stomach. filled with red and white pulp. |
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Term
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Definition
| white contains lymphocytes, red filters rbc's to break down old ones |
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Term
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Definition
| small oval structures, along lymphatic vessels, contain b/t/macrophages to filter lymph |
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Term
| Lymph Capillaries -> Larger vessels t/f |
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Definition
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Term
| This cytokine activates adaptive immunity to fight against virus infections? |
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Definition
| interferons (complement is innate, interlukins are cytokines) |
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Term
| 3 Adaptive immunity techniques? |
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Definition
| Specificity, Diversity, memory |
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Term
| 2 Types of adaptive cells |
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Definition
effector - respond immediatly
memory- start process faster next time and make more |
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Term
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Definition
| memory cells from last attack making more this time...then again...then again. Effector cells go through apoptosis after each infection. |
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Term
| Immune cell that produces antibodies |
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Definition
| B Cells (or "Plasma Cells") |
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Term
| Which is involved in antibody mediated immunity (hint they make em) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is involved in cell-mediated immunity? |
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Definition
| T Cells and Cytotoxic T cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| No cytotoxic or phagocytosis: They Activate b and t cells. |
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Term
| T/F Helper T Cells are requried for BOTH b and t cells to activate. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)? |
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Definition
| proteins on cell membranes that tell body this is your cell. T cells recognize them. |
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Term
| APC or Antigen-Presenting Cells: |
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Definition
| macrophages/dendritic cells. Consume antigen break it up then present with their MHC to signal to t/b cells to respond. |
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Term
| Do antibodies work on infections IN the cell or on the outside? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Y shaped, binding site is variable region. |
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Term
| Name the different types of antibodies. |
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Definition
| IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, IgE. M is passed to babies, D is on immature b cells, G is main one, A is in milk and saliva, E is for parasites and allergic responses |
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Term
| Which is the main antibody? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibodies plays a role in parasitic infections and allergic responses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is found in milk/saliva? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| granzymes(cause apoptosis)and perforins (punch holes) |
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Term
| Which chemical from cytotoxic t cells causes apoptosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural Vs Artificial immunity? |
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Definition
Natural is from infection etc
Artificial is from medical intervention |
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Term
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Definition
Active: making own antibodies, usually from infection or vaccine
Passive: no antibodies made. usually injected, like anti-rH in baby case. |
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Term
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Definition
Killed/weakend "attunuated"
inactive forms of toxins (botulism etc)
Transgenic viruses (cant replicate) |
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Term
| What is monocolonal antibodies |
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Definition
| commercially prepared from mice or genetic engineering. |
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Term
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Definition
| (skin, bacterial flora, sebeum?, gastric acid) |
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Term
| Innate immunity (2nd line) |
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Definition
(neutrophils, basophils/mast cells, macrophages,)
imflamattion, phagocytosis, complement (bac/vir) are the 3 innate attacks |
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Term
|
Definition
| lymphocytes (b and t cells), macrophages (dendritic cells/APC), effector cells (called plasma cells) |
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