Term
Give examples of how the study of living materials requires an understanding of
chemistry. |
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Definition
| body sx and fx result from chemical changes within cell |
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Term
| Describe the relationships among matter, atoms, and molecules. |
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Definition
matter- anything that has weight and takes up space
elements-fundamental substances that all matter is composed of
atoms- elements are composed of atoms,smallest complete units of element |
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Term
| Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe three types of chemical reactions. |
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Definition
synthesis- 2 or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex sx (product)
A+B-->AB
decomposition- bonds break within reactant molecule AB-->A+B
Exchange reaction- molecules trade position as bonds are broken and new form AB+CD-->AD+CB
reversible reaction |
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Term
| Describe the differences among acids, bases, and buffers. |
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Definition
Acids- electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water (ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions)
bases- electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions (ionizes in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-)
Buffers- chemicals that resist pH change |
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Term
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Definition
Measure of hydrogen ion concentration
the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions the lower the number on
pH (acidic) |
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Term
| List the major groups of inorganic chemicals common in cells and explain the function(s) of each group. |
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Definition
Water- 2/3 weight
oxygen- enter body through respiratory organs and transported through body by blood
Carbon Dioxide- waste product, exhaled from lungs
salts- compound, oppositely charged ions
abundant in tissues and fluids |
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Term
| Describe the general functions of the main classes of organic molecules in cells. |
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Definition
carbs- provide energy that cells require
build cell structures, reserved energy
lipids- insoluble in water
proteins- structural materials, energy sources, hormones
nucleic acids- form genes, take part in protein synthesis, large & complex |
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons in an atom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atoms with the same atomic # but different atomic weights |
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