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BMS Chaper 1
Anatomy and Physiology
14
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/21/2012

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Term
How are anatomy and Physiology related?
Definition
Anatomy- sx of body
physiology- fx of body
both go hand in hand
Term
List the levels of organization in the human body and the characteristics of each
9
Definition
atom
molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
Term
List and describe the major characteristics of life.
10
Definition
Double A, CDE, GM, Triple R
movement
responsiveness- reaction to change
growth
reproduction- new cells
respiration- getting oxygen, releasing co2. getting energy from foods
digestion
absorption
circulation
assimilation- change absorbed substances
excretion- removal of waste
Term
Give examples of metabolism.
Definition
chem reactions in body
acquire energy
digest & respiration involve metabolism
Term
List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
5
Definition
Water- chemical, transport substance, regulating body temp.
Foods- nutrients
Oxygen- gas, 1/5 of normal air. release energy from food, drives metab process
Heat- product of metab reactions, the more heat the faster chem reactions.
Pressure- application of force to something. ex: atmospheric pressure,blood pressure. breathing
Term
Explain the importance of homeostasis to survival.
Definition
organism can only fx and live when concentration of requirements (w,f,o,h,p) stay withing narrow limits
Term
Describe the parts of a homeostatic mechanism and explain how they function
together.
Definition
Receptors- info about specific conditions (stimuli) & internal environment
Set Point- tells what a particular value should be, body temp
Effectors- cause responses that alter conditions in internal environment
Response- change is corrected
Term
Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
Definition
cranial cavity- brain
vertebral canal- spinal cord
thoracic cavity- chest area
abdomino pelvic- abs area
organs within thoracic and abdo-pelv are called viscera
Term
List the organs located in each major body cavity.
Definition
chest area
stomach area
penis area
Term
Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Definition
walls of right and left thoracic compartments (lungs) are lined with a membrane- parietal pleura.
the visceral pleura covers the lungs, deeper.
these 2 membranes are separated by a watery fluid- serous fluid.
pleural cavity- potential space between parietal and visceral membranes
heart is surrounded by pericardial membranes
abdominopelvic lining membranes are peritoneal membranes.
Term
Name the major organ systems, and list the organs associated with each.
11
Definition
integumentary system- skin hair nails (body covering
skeletal system- bones, ligaments, cartilage (support and movement
muscular system
nervous system- brain spine nerves sense organs
endocrine system- all glands that secrete chemical messages (hormones)
cariovascular system- heart arteries veins capillaries blood (transport)
lymphatic system- lymphatic vessils, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
digestive system-
respiratory system- organs move air in and out, exchange gasses
urinary system- kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
reproduction- produces whole new organisms like itself
Term
Describe the general function of each organ system.
Definition
Term
Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions
Definition
Superior- above, closer to head
Inferior- below, toward the feet
Anterior (or ventral)- toward front
Posterior (or dorsal)- toward back
Medial- imaginary vertical centered line
Lateral- toward the side
Bilateral- paired stucters, (lungs)
Ipsilateral- sx's on same side (Right lung & Right kidney)
Proximal- closer to trunk (elbow prox to wrist)
Distal- farther from trunk (fingers distal to wrist
Superficial- closer to surface
Deep- internal, farther from surface
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
mechanism, deviation from set point is corrected (moves opposite/negative direction)
correction reduces the action of the effectors
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