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Definition
| The building blocks of matter |
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Definition
| substances that are made up of only one type of atom. |
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| Lists all of the elements know to man. |
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| What does each element in the Periodic table list? |
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Definition
Atomic Number
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Mass |
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| Tells you how many protons are in the nucleus of the atom. |
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| The first letter in the chemical symbol is always _________. |
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Definition
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| Some common chemical symbols are: |
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Definition
- Aluminum - Al
- Gold - Au
- Oxygen - O
- Silver - Ag
- Sodium - Na
- Hydrogen - H
- Carbon - C
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Definition
| The smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element. |
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| Different elements can combine to form new substances called _______ |
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Definition
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Definition
A substance made up of atoms of more than one element chemically bonded together.
They can only be broked down by chemical means into the elements that combined to make them. |
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Definition
| Water - H20 Carbon Dioxide - CO2 |
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| The compound water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. |
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Definition
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| The compound carbon dioxide is made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. |
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Definition
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| The modern atomic model took ____ of years to develop |
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Definition
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| Who were the scientist who added to the atomic model? |
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Definition
- Democritus
- Dalton
- Thomson
- Rutherford
- Bohr
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| Today's atomic model theory states that an atom has small ______ charged nucleus surrounded by a large region in which there are enough electrons to make the atom _______. |
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Definition
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| Contains protons and neutrons |
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Definition
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Definition
| Have a negative charge and orbits the nucleus. |
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Definition
| The area in which the electrons orbit |
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Definition
| any characteristic that gives a substance the ability to undergo a change that results in a new substance. |
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| A change in the identity of a substance that results in a new substance. |
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| Name an example of a chemical change |
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Definition
| Anything burning (flammability); iron reacting with oxygen to form rust (iron oxide) |
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| Signs of a chemical change |
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Definition
- Bubbles
- Production of Heat
- Production of Light
- Production of Smoke
- A Color Change
- Production of Sound
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Term
Chemical changes _______ be reversed easily.
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Definition
Cannot
- Example: You can not get the eggs out of a baked cake.
- Example: You can not put the ashes back together to make a log.
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Term
| Law of Conservation of Mass |
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Definition
| States that mass of what you started with is always the same as the mass you end up with. |
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| Mass is not _______ or _______ during a chemical change. |
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Definition
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| Instead of disappearing or appearing, the particles in the substances _________ into different combinations with different properties. |
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Definition
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Definition
| the simplest type of pure substance. They cannot be broken down into any other substance. |
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| What is the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element? |
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Definition
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| Elements are made up of _______atom. |
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Definition
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| Atoms of the same element are ______. |
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Definition
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| Atoms of different elements are _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed the Periodic table? |
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Definition
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| How is the periodic table organized? |
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Definition
The elements in rows are organized from simplest to most complex.
The columns have elements with similar properties. |
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Term
| What are chemical symbols? |
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Definition
| A shorthand way of representing an element. |
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| How do you write a chemical symbol? |
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Definition
The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is never capitalized.
Examples: oxygen - O; calcium - Ca |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. |
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| Compounds are made of _________. |
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Definition
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Definition
A structure made of two or more atoms bonded together.
Example: a molecule of water is H2O - 2 atoms of hydrogen bonded to 1 atom of oxygen. |
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Definition
| A combination of chemical symbols usually used to represent a compound. |
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Term
The chemical formula is a ___________ way of representing chemical compounds.
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Definition
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| What can a chemical formula tell you? |
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Definition
| The elements that make up the compound and how many atoms of each element combine to form the compound. |
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| What is the 2 in H2O called? |
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Definition
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Definition
| A number placed to the lower right of a chemical symbol to indicate the number of atoms of that element in a compound. |
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Definition
A description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. (It is similar to a math problem).
Example: C + O2 = CO2 |
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| How can you describe a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| By using chemical symbols and formulas. |
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Term
| What does the arrow mean? |
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Definition
| It is pronounced yields and means produces or equals. |
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Term
| The formulas to the left side of the arrow are called __________________. |
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Definition
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| Formulas on the right side of the arrow are called the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when reactants react? |
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Definition
| The rearrange their atoms to form the products, new substances with different properties. |
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Term
| What happens during a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
Substances are changed into new and different substances through a rearrangement of their atoms.
New substances with new properties are formed. |
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Term
| Is H2 + O2 --> H2O a balanced equation? |
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Definition
No, One hydrogen molecule plus one oxygen molecule does not equal one water molecule.
You have one more oxygen molecule on the left than on the right side of the yields sign. |
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Term
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Definition
| The large number placed in front of a symbol or a formula in a chemical equation that indicates how many atoms or molecules of this substance are involved in the reaction. |
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| How can you balance H2 + O2 --> H2O? |
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Definition
The equation can be balanced by placing the appropriate number in front of a chemical formula in the equation. This number is called coefficient.
2 hydrogen molecules plus one oxygen molecule produces 2 water molecules.
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
4 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms --> 4 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms |
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Definition
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Definition
| The force that all objects exert on each other. |
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| The force of gravity gets _______ as the objects get farther apart. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| A force that resists motion between two touching surfaces. |
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| Friction always acts ________ to the direction of motion. |
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Definition
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| Friction creates _______. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other. |
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Definition
| Acts between objects that aren't moving. |
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Definition
| Occurs when an object rolls across a surface. |
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Definition
| Occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid like air or water. |
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| An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion until an outside force acts on it. |
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| Example of Newton's 1st law |
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Definition
| Your pencil will stay on your desk for ever and ever until a force acts on it. |
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| Newton's 1st law is sometimes called ______. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. |
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| The more _______ an object has, the greater its inertia. |
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Definition
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Definition
| An object's acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the size and direction of the force acting on it. |
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Definition
| Describes how force, mass, and acceleration are related. |
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Definition
Force
Example: It takes greater force to move a school bus than a car. |
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Term
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Definition
| For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
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| _______ always occur in equal but opposite pairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of Newton's 3rd Law |
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Definition
| When you walk, your feet push against the floor. At the same time the floor pushes back upon your feet, with an equal and opposite force. |
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| Example of Newton's 3rd Law |
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Definition
| When you step from a wagon, the wagon rolls away from you. |
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Definition
| The rate of motion calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the amount of time it takes to travel it. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Speed that does not change. |
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Definition
| The speed of an object at any instant of time. |
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| In a care, the speedometer shows your _________. |
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Definition
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Definition
The speed of an object and its direction of motion.
Example: 35mph, Northwest |
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Definition
| Describes how the velocity changes with time. |
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| If something is __________, it is speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction. |
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Definition
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| _________, like speed, tells you how fast something is happening. |
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Definition
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| A distance-time graph for acceleration is always at a __________. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A combination of simple machines |
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Definition
| The number of times a machine multiplies the effort force you apply. |
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Definition
| Done whan an applied force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. |
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Term
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Definition
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| Work is measured in __________. |
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Definition
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| Carrying a bag of dog food ______ work because the force holding the bag is not in the same direction as the motion. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Anything you can change in an investigation that might affect the outcome of the experiment. |
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| You can only change 1 ________ at a time. |
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Definition
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| The problem is always stated in the form of a ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A good testable question should contain an ______________ and __________. It should not have a yes or no answer. |
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Definition
| Independent Variable and Dependent Variable |
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Term
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Definition
| What changes because of the experiment. |
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Definition
| The variable you are testing. |
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Definition
| Variable that does not change. |
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Definition
| Proposed solution to a problem, educated guess. |
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Definition
| The answer to the problem. |
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Definition
| Information collected from your experiment. |
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Definition
| Can be defined as the ability to do work. |
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| Energy is measured in the same unit as work, __________. |
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Definition
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| Name the 6 main forms of energy |
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Definition
Mechanical Energy
Thermal Energy
Chemical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy
Electric Energy
Nuclear Energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Matter that is in motion. |
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Definition
| The internal motion of the atoms. |
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| _________ usually results from friction between the moving atoms. |
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Definition
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Term
Heat energy caused changes in ________ and ________ (solid, liquid, gas) of any form of matter.
Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects. |
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Definition
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Term
| The transfer of heat energy can occur in 3 ways - |
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Definition
Conduction
Convection
Radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of energy by the collision of atoms. (flame and metal spoon). Usually occurs in solids. |
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Definition
| Particles move between areas of different temperature. Occurs in fluids (gases and liquids). Warmer material rises/cooler material sinks. |
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Definition
Transfers energy by waves. Can travel thru a vacuum. When the waves strike an object they are absorbed by the object.
Examples: Sun's rays, a fire's heat. |
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Definition
Required to bond atoms together.
Example: Charcoal burning or digesting food releases chemical energy. |
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Definition
Moving electric charges.
Example: electric motors, light, x-rays, and radio waves. Travels in waves. |
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Definition
Stored in the nucleus of the atom and released during a nucleur reaction. The most concentrated (powerful) form of energy.
Example: nucleur power plants, nucleur fusion on the sun's surface. |
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Definition
| Energy of electric charges. |
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| There are 2 states of energy: |
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Definition
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy |
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Definition
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| The amount of ________ an object has depends on the mass of the object and the velocity it is traveling. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Energy of position or stored energy. |
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| An object with __________ is not moving or doing work. Instead, it is storing energy. It has the ability, or potential, to give that energy back by doing work. |
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Definition
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| __________ is found in mechanical energy, chemical energy, and nucleur energy. |
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Definition
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| Energy can be ___________ from one object to another and energy can be ________ from one form to another. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in the form of energy |
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| One of the most common energy conversions involves the changing of ________ to __________ energy OR ________ to __________. |
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Definition
Potential energy; Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy; Potential energy |
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Term
Example of ___________.
A stone held high in the air has potential energy. As it falls, it loses potential energy because its height decreases. At the same time its kinetic energy increases because its velocity increases. Thus the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. |
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Definition
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| _____ forms of energy can be converted to other forms. |
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Definition
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Example of ________.
Explosions on the sun (nuclear energy)produces heat and light. The light (electromagnetic energy) travels to earth where it is used by plants to make sugar and starches (chemical energy) |
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Definition
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Example of _________.
In a battery, chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. |
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Definition
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| Scientist have found that even when energy is converted from one form to another, no energy is ________ or _______ in the process |
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Definition
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| The Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Definition
| States that energy can be neither created nor destroyed by ordinary means. Energy can only be converted from one form to another. |
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Definition
| The part of the environment that are useful or necessary for the survival of living things. You need food, air and water. You also need resources to make everything from clothes to cars. Some natural resources are plentiful and some are not. |
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Definition
| Any natural resource that is recycled or replaced by nature. Sunlight, water, air, and crops grown by farmers. May be in short supply in some areas (example - rain in the desert). |
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| Used up more quickly than they can be replaced by nature. The Earth's supply is limited. Petroleum or Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) are formed in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years. |
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| To release their energy, _________ must be burned. |
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Definition
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| The use of Fossil Fuels can lead to ______________ problems such as air pollution, acid rain, and smog. |
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Definition
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| Examples of non-renewable resources |
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Definition
| Gold, Aluminum, Iron, and Uranium |
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| ____________sources, including water, wind, and atomic energy can be used instead of fossil fuels to turn turbines and produce electricity. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Hydroelectric power is electricity produced from falling water. This source does not pollute but building a dam is expensive. |
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Definition
| Can produce electricity by using wind power to turn the turbine. This source does not pollute but the wind must be blowing at least 35 mph for electricity to be produced. |
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Definition
| uses the energy found in the nucleus of a uranium atom to heat water. The hot steam turns the turbine to generate electricity. This form of energy does not pollute but nuclear waste is dangerous. |
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Definition
| Uses heat found in the Earth's crust to generate electricity. This form of energy does not pollute but it can only be used in limited areas. |
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Definition
| Uses the sun's rays to produce electricity. This form of energy does not pollute but it is expensive and the sun needs to shine most of the time for it to work. |
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Definition
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Definition
| A form of reuse that requires changing or reprocessing an item or natural resource. Saves money and resources. |
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| Examples of things that can be recycled. |
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Definition
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| Examples of things that contribute to conservation. |
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Definition
Walk
Ride a bike
Carpool
Reuse canvas bag instead of plastic bags |
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