Term
| How long should breast milk be given? When should milk be introduced? What type? |
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Definition
| Continue breast feeding up to one year. After that, switch to whole milk. |
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Term
| When should solid foods be introduced? At what rate should new food be added? |
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Definition
| 5-6 months. Add one food per week, to detect allergies |
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Term
| What is ther status of Body weight at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years? |
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Definition
| BW doubles at 6 m/o, triples at 1 yr, and quadruples at 2 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| children who will eat the same 4-5 foods everyday. this is not a problem if they are eating a nutritious diet. |
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Term
| Feeding patterns of Toddlers versus preschool? |
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Definition
Toddlers eat 7x per day
Preschool eat 3x per day |
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Term
| How much TV should toddlers be limited to per day? Preschool? |
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Definition
| <1 hr per day. <2 hrs per day for preschool. |
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Term
| When is a child typcally ready for potty training? |
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Definition
| 18 months or so, usually when theya re able to sense that theyr bladder and rectum is full, and they can wait before releasing contents. |
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Term
| What effect does punishment have on potty training? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define functional constipation. What is the normal number of defecations per day for children this age? What is the consistency of the stool supposed to be? |
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Definition
| Hard pebble like stools >2x per week without the presence of a metabolic/endocrine disorder. Typically children should go 1x per day and the consistency of the stool should be like that of pudding. |
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Term
| What is Hirschprung's disease? |
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Definition
| Lack of innervation to the intestines, inhibits elimination of feces, can result in constipation. |
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Term
| What are some common causes of Constipation in children? |
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Definition
| lack of fiber, too much whole milk/cheese. Milk intolerance. |
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Term
| Encopresis Retentive vs. Non-Retentive |
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Definition
characterized by watery stool leakage around a backed up stool mass within the intestine.
retentive a result of functional constipation
non-retentive caused by psychological issues. |
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Term
| Effect of encopresis on the nerve fibers of the intestine |
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Definition
| Back up of feces will cause distension of the intestine, this will cause the nerve fibers to be unable to sense the presence of bowel content. |
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Term
| What is the gastro colic reflex? What is it useful for in constipated children? |
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Definition
| The urge to eliminate feces following a meal, helps them clear out the intestine. |
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Term
How to determine the size of a child's bladder?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal state of ADH at night? |
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Definition
| Normally, there is a surge of ADH. In children with nocturnal Enuresis, they lack this surge. |
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Term
| What is secondary Enuresis? |
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Definition
| Bed wetting after a period of 6 months of dryness. Can be a sign of Juveline onset diabetes, constipation (Fecal buildup in the intestine pressing on the bladder), or infection. |
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Term
What are effective tresatments for norturnal enuresis?
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Definition
| DDAVP + Bluetooth underwear. |
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