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BME Exam 5
Fifth Test Answers
74
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2012

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Cards

Term
Microevolution
Definition

the change in gene frequencies in a population over time

Term
Natural Selection
Definition

Requires individuals who, due to certain characteristics, produce more surviving offspring

Term
Adaptation
Definition

1. Results from microevolutionary changes in gene frequencies

2. Results in the reproduction of an organism with certain inheritable characteristics in a particular environment

Term
Hardy Weinberg requires the assumption of...
Definition

Large populations

Term
Allele Frequencies can change due to
Definition
All of the above
Term
Hardy Weinberg Principle
Definition
Provides a means for measuring the baseline of allele frequencies with some assumptions about the population
Term
Selection
Definition
All the above
Term
Hardy Weinberg Principle predicts...
Definition
Frequency that homozygotes appear in a populatiion
Term
The genetic constitution of a population can be affected by...
Definition
All the above
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
All the above
Term
Microevolution requires...
Definition
changes in allele frequencies within a population
Term
Convergent Evolution
Definition
Has produced burrowing animals from different lineages
Term
To determine evolutionary relatedness, the anatomical record looks at different species and compares...
Definition
All the above
Term
Black peppered moths were selected because birds had a more difficult time detecting them on trees darkened by soot and air pollution (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
The fossil record now contains many fossils that link major groups of species (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
The molecular record looks at changes in the amino acid sequence of a specific protein across multiple species to determine their evolutionary relatedness (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin such as the forelimb but now may carry out different functions (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
For speciation to occur...
Definition

Populations have become increasingly different in their
characteristics and strong selective forces are acting on the phenotype

Term
Reproductive barriers
Definition
All of the above
Term
Ecology
Definition
All of the above
Term
Ecology considers the consequences of species interaction, and now humans interact with these species and the environment (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
Ecosystems
Definition

regulate the flow of energy and the cycling of essential elements

Term
Populations
Definition
share same habitat and use the same pool of resources
Term
Biomes
Definition
major terrestrial assemblages
Term
Communities
Definition
Are different species that live together in the same place
Term
Population structure has which of the following metrics?
Definition
All of the above
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition

The number of individuals in a particular species that a region can support

Term
Logistical growth
Definition

1. Is exponential

2. Is sigmoidal

Term
Which of these factors does NOT affect population growth?
Definition
All of these factors affect population growth
Term
Reproductive barriers
Definition

1. may prevent/ inhibit the actual mating process

2. may inhibit the fusion of gametes released into ponds or streams

Term
prezygotic isolating mechanisms include
Definition

1. courtship or mating rituals including songs and calls

2. geographic isolation

3. prevention of gamete fusion

Term
The niche includes
Definition
All of the above
Term

Closely related species may live in the same community and share nesting sites. (T/F)

Definition
False
Term

No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely without competition driving one to extinction. (T/f)

Definition
True
Term

Initially an insect eats a broad spectrum of microbes in its aquatic environment. A closely related insect moves in.

Definition

One insect species will specialize in eating microbes found in a specific region of the aquatic environment while the other will specialize to eat another set of microbes.

Term
Sympatric species are pushed by natural selection to
Definition
All of the above
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
Two or more species interacting together
Term
Mututalism
Definition

Two or more species interacting together to the benefit of both species

Term
Parasitism
Definition

Two or more species interacting together to the benefit of one species and but detrimental to the other species' wellbeing

Term
Commensalism
Definition

Two or more species interacting together to the benefit of one species without harming the other species

Term
Predator defenses can include
Definition
All of the above
Term
In predator- prey populations
Definition
All of the above
Term
Species richness
Definition
measures the number of species in an environment
Term
Ecosystem productivity
Definition

1. measures the grams of carbon fixed into organic molecules in a time period

2. increases with species diversity

Term

Which of these factors are not key elements in the environmental challenge?

Definition
elemental carbon
Term

In order to adapt to environmental challenges such as temperature extremes, organisms may be adapted for

Definition

Physiological adaptations such as the production of antifreeze proteins

Term
Rain shadows appear when
Definition

Wind comes off coast and drops rain on the coastal side of the mountains, and is a dry wind on other side of mountains.

Term
Biomes are primarily characterized by
Definition

1. the amount of precipitation that falls annually

2. mean annual temperature

Term
The most productive freshwater ecosystem.
Definition
wetlands
Term
What are three nonreplaceable resources we must preserve?
Definition
groundwater, biodiversity,topsoil
Term
Challenges to the biosphere include
Definition
All of the above
Term
The destruction of the rain forest leads to
Definition
All of the above
Term
When designing products engineers must now consider
Definition

1. energy efficiency of the product

2. the ease of disassembling and reusing or recycling the various components

Term

During the design process impacts on which of these areas must be considered?

Definition
All of the above
Term
Engineers must now consider the present and future environmental impact of the products and processes they design (T/F)
Definition
True
Term

ISO certification verifies that a product or service meets the environmental requirements of the International Organization for Standardization (T/F)

Definition
True
Term
In order to adapt to colder climates, animals may
Definition
all of the above
Term

Changes in behavior to deal with environmental temperatures includes behaviors such as

Definition

1. reptiles basking on sunny rocks when cool

2. desert animals burrowing during the hottest part of the day

3. hibernation of some bear species during the winter

Term
Acid rain
Definition
All of the above
Term
The 3 elements of sustainable engineering are
Definition
society, economy, environment
Term

During the design and manufacturing process, the impact of a product on various segments of the environment must be monitored (T/F)

Definition
True
Term
The ecological footprint
Definition
all of the above
Term
6r rules of thumb include
Definition

1. reduce energy consumption during the life cycle of a product

2. Design in such a way that the product or parts of it can be reused

3. use materials that can be recycled or reused

4. rethink the product and its functions

Term

Transpiration contributes to atmospheric humidity and daily precipitation.

Definition
True
Term
Ecosystems are defined by
Definition
All of the above
Term
The carbon cycle
Definition
Includes the incorporation of decaying matter into fossil fuels
Term
The water cycle includes
Definition
All of the above
Term
The nitrogen cycle
Definition
All of the above
Term
Limiting amounts of phosphorus are not a problem in plant growth (T/F)
Definition
False
Term
Deforested areas are inefficient at retaining water and nitrogen (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
Autotrophs are dependent on other species to capture light energy (T/F)
Definition
False
Term
Heterotrophs can obtain organic molecules from other heterotrophs (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
Omnivores eat both autotrophs and heterotrophs (T/F)
Definition
True
Term
Ecosystem productivity
Definition

1. measures the grams of carbon fixed into organic molecules in a time period

2. increases with species diversity

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