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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." |
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Definition
20%> then ideal is Obese
Defined by Body Mass Index==W/H2 |
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Term
Glycolysis Step #1
Preperation and Cleavage |
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Definition
Glucose + 2ATP à 2 G-3-P + 2ADP
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)
Energy Expindenture |
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Term
Glycolysis #2
Oxidation and ATP Generation |
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Definition
G-3-P + NAD+ + ADP + Pi à
3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ + ATP
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Term
substrate-level phosphorylation (moving the phosphate)
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Definition
| The direct transfer of a phosphate from the substrate to ADP to yield ATP |
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Glycolysis #3
Pyruvate formation and ATP generation |
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Definition
3-phosphoglycerate + ADP à pyruvate + H2O + ATP
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Term
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Definition
Glucose +2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi à
2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O + 2ATP
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose +2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi |
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Term
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Definition
2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O + 2ATP
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Takes place in absence of O2
Costs you NADH from glycosis |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Lactate is metabolized in the heart and in the liver
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Term
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Definition
1.Lactate to Liver
2. Liver makes it glucose
3. Glucose to Muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Making new Glucose
Generally from Lactate |
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Term
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Definition
A substance for storing “energy” as a carbohydrate in muscle and the liver
- Just polymerized glucose
- Can be removed and then sent to glycosis
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in the mitochondrion in eukaryotes
2 Steps |
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Term
Aerobic respiration
Step #1
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Definition
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
• generate NADH
•entry point for amino acids into metabolism
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Term
Aerobic respiration
Step #2
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Definition
Oxidative phosphorylation
- a.k.a. electron transport
- create a proton gradient by reduction of NAD/FAD
- use the proton gradient to drive synthesis of ATP
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Term
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Definition
Pyruvate is oxidized and two of its three carbons linked to Coenzyme A, yielding
1 NADH, 1 CO2 and acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA donates these two carbons to oxaloacetate with the hydrolysis of water to yield citrate.
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Term
TCA cycle: NADH and ATP generation
#2 |
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Definition
Subsequent steps oxidize the molecule to yield NADH and, at one point, GTP.
Also makes CO2
The GTP may or may not be used to generate ATP.
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Term
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Definition
FAD is used as an electron acceptor at one point in the cycle, yielding FADH2
Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
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Term
| TCA cycle: the complete reaction |
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Definition
acytyl CoA + 3H2O + 3NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi à
CoA + 2CO2 + 3 NADH + 3H+ + FADH2 + ATP + H2O
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Term
TCA cycle: What we have per Glucose
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Definition
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| NADH and FADH2 used to make ATP |
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Term
Electron Transport System
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Respiratory Complexes |
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Definition
Use NADH and FADH2 to pump electrons through the inside of membrane, driving protons up their [] gradient
1 NADH moves 10 H+ complexs 1 3 4
1 FADH2 moves 6 H+ complexs 2 3 4
F1F0 ATPase takes the protons down the gradient 3 H+ == 1 ATP |
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Term
| Oxidative phosphorylation overview |
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Definition
Per glucose:
•10 NADH + 10 H+ + 5O2 + 30ADP + 30Pi -->
10 NAD+ + 40H2O + 30ATP
•2 FADH2 + O2 + 4ADP + 4Pi -->
2FAD + 2H2O + 4ATP
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Term
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Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38 Pi à 6CO2 + 38 ATP + 44 H2O
1 glucose theoretically yields 38 ATP
All but 2 of the ATP come from Mitochondrial Matrix
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Term
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Definition
| Break down of Amino Acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The Metabolic Cycle has points for
using and producing amino acids |
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Definition
| Can make acetyl CoA and Citrate |
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Term
β-oxidation of fats
β carbon |
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Definition
A series of oxidation reactions allows CoA to be linked to the carboxyl group on fatty acids.
Cleavage at the β carbon yields acetyl-CoA, which feeds directly into TCA (Gives CoA two carbon groups, alpha and beta)
The process also yields NADH and FADH2
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