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BMB 250
BMB250 Nutrition Vitamins
77
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
07/01/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the funtion of vitamin A
Definition
Has a role in immunity along with Retinoc Acid, Retinol,Retinal, and Beta Carotine.
Term
What is the funtion of Retinoic Acid?
Definition
it is a hormone that  has a role in gene expression , regulates cell differentiation, maintain integrity of epiphelial cells
Term
What is the funtion of Retinol?
Definition
Supports reproduction
Term
What is the function of Retinal?
Definition
Term
What is the funtion of Beta-ceratin?
Definition
Antioxidant, protects other compound from attacts from O2(free radicals can form from oxidination
Term
What would happen if you have a vitamina A dificency?
Definition

 

Hardening of cornea
Rough, scaly, hard skin
Drying & hardening of salivary glands
Lumps of keratin around hair follicles
Decreased immunity

 

 

Term
What  would happen if I overdose with vitamin A?
Definition
Dicrease Bone mineral density , liver obnormalities, birth defects, toxicity come from animal -derived food, osteoperosis , carotinimia
Term
What is the sourse of vitamin A?
Definition

Carrots, apricot,sweet potatos, pumpkin,mango,cantalope, spinach,brokali

 

Preformed vitamin A found only in animal foods Richest sources Liver Fish oil

Other foods:  Milk  Cheese  Fortified cereals  Butter  Eggs

Margarine & fat-free milk are fortified with vitamin A

Term
What is the funtion of vitamin D?
Definition

Vitamin D targets intestine, kidneys, bones, brain, pancreas, skin, reproductive organs, cancer cells, Role in immunity

In bones makes Ca,

Ca and Ph stimulate obsorbtion from GI tract.

 

Term
Where the vitamin D release from?
Definition
Release from bones to blood, stimulate retention by kidneys
Term
What would happen with deficiency vitamin D?
Definition
Rickets, osteomelasia , osteoperosis, high BP, arthritis
Term
what can happen if you overdose with vitamin D?
Definition
Ca imbalance, increase Ca in blood, kidney stones, harden in Blood vessels, MOST TOXIC.
Term
Which vitamin is most toxic when is overdose?
Definition
vitamin D
Term
What is the source of Vitamin D?
Definition
Animal products Eggs Liver Butter Some fish Fortified milk Fortified margarine & breakfast cereals Fortified infant formulas
Breast milk is low in vitamin D May need supplements Cheese & yogurt are not fortified Vegans may need supplements
Term
Do white plant
Definition
No
Term
How does vitamin D synthesize?
Definition

Can be synthesized with help of sunlight

1. Liver manufactures a precursor that migrates to skin
2. Sun’s rays convert to second precursor
3. Liver & kidneys produce active vitamin D

Term
What is the function  Ca and Phosphorus ?
Definition
Calcium & phosphorus Stimulates absorption from GI tract Releases from bones to blood Stimulates retention by the kidneys
Term
What can cause toxicity of vitamin D?
Definition

Enhances calcium absorption Produces high blood calcium Promotes return of bone calcium into the blood

Forms stones (kidney) May harden blood vessels  Most toxic of all vitamins

Term
What can of food have vitamin D?
Definition

Animal products Eggs Liver Butter Some fish Fortified milk Fortified margarine & breakfast cereals Fortified infant formulas.

Breast milk is low in vitamin D May need supplements Cheese & yogurt are not fortified Vegans may need supplements

Term
What is the funtion of vitamin E?
Definition
Protects PUFA & other lipids from oxidation Protects  lungs  May offer protection from heart disease
Term
What are  the myths about vitamin E?
Definition
Improve athletic skill Enhance sexual performance Cure sexual dysfunction in males Prevent or cure muscular dystrophy Slow the aging process
Term
What can happen with vitamin E deficency?
Definition
Erythrocyte hemolysis, Loss of muscle coordination & reflexes Associated with Diseases causing fat malabsorption
Term
What can happen with vitamin E toxicity?
Definition
Interfere with blood-clotting action of vitamin K Enhance anticoagulant medications Research results are conflicting as to supplement safety, hemorage
Term
hat kind of food has vitamin E in it ?
Definition
20% from vegetable oils 20% from fruits & vegetables 15% from fortified cereals & other grains
Term
what is the function of vitamin K?
Definition
Blood clotting Synthesis of several bone proteins Can be synthesized by bacteria in intestine

Vitamin K for newborns Have a sterile digestive tract Single dose of vitamin K recommended at birth

Term
what kind of food has vitamin K ?
Definition
Members of cabbage family Liver Milk Eggs
Term
can u least type of vitamin B?
Definition
Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin B6 Folate  B12
Term
What are the functons of water soluble coenzymes?
Definition
Easily absorbed Easily excreted Supplements can reach toxic levels
Term
How do vitamins B fuctions?
Definition
B vitamins are coenzymes Combine with an enzyme to make it active
Term

What do coenzymes like

Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin do?

Definition
Release energy from fat, protein & carbohydrate
Term
What does vitatim B6 do?
Definition
Assist enzymes to metobolized Amino Acid
Term
what do vitamin B12 and folate coenzymes do?
Definition
Meking new cells
Term
How call the deficency of thiamin ?
Definition
Beriberi
Term
How call deficency of niacin?
Definition
Pellagra
Term
What happen if you are dificient of vitamin B?
Definition
Diarea , dimenthia, dermitis , death!!!!
Term
What kind of vitamin do nerves and muscles depends on?
Definition
B thimine
Term
What kind of vitamin do Blood cells of GI tract cells depend on?
Definition
Folate
Term
What is the difference between Enrichment of foods and fortification of food?
Definition

Enrichment of food is adding nutrients to food to meet spesific standards.

Where fortification is adding nutrient to food that were not in there.

Term
What is the function of Thiamin ?
Definition
Critical in metobolism and nerve muscle funtion
Term
What will happen for deficency of Thiamin?
Definition
Diet of empty kcalories, sugar or alcohol Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome  symptoms:  disorientation, loss of short-term memory, jerky eye movements, and staggering gait
Term
what kind of food has Thiamin in there?
Definition
Whole grain bread and cereal, pork- most common
Term
what does reboflavin do?
Definition
Facilitates energy production Needs increase during periods of rapid growth Is light sensitive & heat stable
Term
in what kind of food can u find reboflavin?
Definition
Milk & milk products Green vegetables Meats & eggs
Term
what is the funtion of Niacin?
Definition
Role in energy metabolism Fairly heat resistant  Can be used as a medication to lower blood cholesterol Body can make it from tryptophan
Term
what kind of food has niacin in it?
Definition
Meat, poultry, & fish Enriched breads & cereals Green leafy vegetables, mushrooms, asparagus
Term
what is the function of Pantothenic Acid?
Definition
Important in energy metabolism Stimulates growth Widespread in foods
Term
What is the function of Biotin?
Definition
Important in energy metabolism Is a coenzyme that carries carbon dioxide Participates in gene expression & cell signaling
Term
what can lead to deficency of Biotin?
Definition
Alcohol abuse Long-term use of anticonvulsant medication
Term
Where do vitamin B6 stores?
Definition
in muscle tissiue
Term
what can happen with deficency of vitamin B6?
Definition
Weakening immune response Weakness, irritability, & insomnia Greasy, flaky dermatitis; anemia; convulsions
Term
what can happen with overdose (toxisity ) of vitamin B?
Definition
numbness of extremetis
Term
what is the role of vitamin B6?
Definition
Protein & amino acid metabolism Conversion of tryptophan to niacin Synthesis of hemoglobin & neurotransmitters Helps regulate blood glucose Aids immune function, cognitive performance, & hormone response May be related to cardiovascular disease risk
Term
what kind of food can u find vittamin B6?
Definition
brocli, banana, watermelon, cantelope , tomato juice
Term
what is the function of Folate?
Definition

Heart disease:  key role of folate is to break down homocysteine; without folate; homocysteine builds up & enhances blood clot formation.

Active in cell division Increased need during times of growth

Term
what can happen if person is deficent of Folate?
Definition

 Gi tract deterioation.

Spinal bifida, anencephaly

Anemia (large-cell type) Smooth, red tongue Mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache

Term
what can cause deficency of Folate?
Definition
Alcohol Impairs absorption Increases excretion Drugs  Aspirin, oral contraception, & anticonvulsants Impair folate status Smoking exerts a negative effect
Term
What happen with overdose of Folate?
Definition
Masks vitamin B12-deficiency symptoms
Term
What are some sourse of Folate?
Definition
Liver. legumes, beets , grin vegies, cantalope, orange, frotified grains.
Term
what are the relationshisp btwn Folate, B12 , and cell division?
Definition
B12 needed to activate folate Assists folate in cell division Deficiency of folate or B12 produces anemia
Term
what does vitamin b12 do in NS?
Definition
Folate masks B12 deficiency Causes nerve deterioration, leading to paralysis & permanent nerve damage
Term
what happens with deficency of vitamin B12?
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Term
what is the function of vitamin C in colagen formation?
Definition
Collagen formation Matrix of the bones Material of scars “Glue” that attaches one cell to another
Term
what is the function of vitamin C as a antioxidant?
Definition
Antioxidant Protects water-soluble substances from oxidation Enhances iron absorption  Amino acid metabolism
Term
what are some functions of vitamin C?
Definition
Possible antihistamine May reduce severity & duration of cold & allergy symptoms Cancer prevention & treatment is being researched Role of Stress Vitamin C needs increase
Term
what can happen if u deficent of vitamin C?
Definition

Latent scurvy Gums bleed Pinpoint hemorrhages in skin Once diagnosed, scurvy is readily reversible 100 mg/day

Overt scurvy Muscles including heart may degenerate Skin becomes rough, brown, scaly, & dry Wounds fail to heal Fractures occur Teeth become loose Anemia & infections

Term
what are the symptoms of overdose of vitamin C?
Definition
Nausea Abdominal cramps Diarrhea Interference with warfarin Iron overload
Term
what  are the safe limits of vitamin C?
Definition
100-300
Term
what are the recomended intake of vitamin C in F and M?
Definition

M-90

F-75

smokers -150

Term
who will especially need vitamin C?
Definition
Infections, burns, surgery, extreme temperatures Aspirin, barbiturates, oral contraceptives, smoking
Term
What does vitamin C do to iron absorbtion?
Definition
Iron absorption can double or triple if eaten with vitamin C-containing foods Highly recommended for women & children
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