Shared Flashcard Set

Details

BMA 352
Bradley University Todd Baker Test #2
40
Business
Undergraduate 3
03/27/2011

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Programmed Decisions
Definition
Situations that occur often enough to where you can develop a set of rules
Term
NonProgrammed Decisions 
Definition
Unique situations that are poorly designed and not structured
Term

Ambiguity/Conflict

 

Definition
The goals and or problems are unclearand difficult to define
Term
Uncertainty
Definition
Information about future events are incomplete
Term

Risk

 

Definition
The future outcome is subject to change regardless of the information
Term
Certainty 
Definition
The information needed is available
Term
Bounded Rationality
Definition
People have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limites amount of information on which to base decisions
Term
Satisficing 
Definition

To choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria, regardless of whether better solutions are presumed to exist

 

Term
Intuition
Definition
The immediate comprehension of a decision situation based on past experience but without conscious thought
Term
Accountability
Definition
The fact that the people with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command
Term
Line Authority
Definition
A form of authority in which individuals in management positions have the formal power to direct and control immediate subordinates 
Term
Staff Authority
Definition
A form of authority granted to staff specialists in their area of expertise
Term

Matrix Management

Define and State the problem with it

Definition

Definition: An organizational structure that uses functional and divisional chains of command simultaneously in the same part of the organization

Problem: Dual line of authority. People have two bosses

Term
People Change
Definition
A change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees in the organization.
Term
Culture Change
Definition
A major shift in the norms, values, attitudes, and mind set of the netire organization.
Term
Organizational Development
Definition
The application of behavioral science techniques to improve and oranization's health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with environmental changes, improve internal reationships, and increase learning and prooblem solving capabilities. 
Term
Unfreezing
Definition
The stage organization development in which participants are made aware of problems to increase their willingness to change their behavior
Term
Change
Definition
The intervention stage of oranization development in which individuals experiment with new workplace behavior
Term
Refreezing
Definition
The reinforcement stage of organization development in which individuals acquire a desired new skill or attitude and are rewarded for it by the organization.
Term
Why does change fail?
Definition

1) Self-Interest

2) Lack of understanding and trust

3) Uncertainty

4) Different assessments and goals

Term

Equal Employment Oppertunity Commission

(EEOC)

Definition
Independent federal agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination.
Term

American Disabilities Act

(ADA)

Definition
requires an employer with 15 or more employees to provide reasonable accommodation for individuals with disabilities, unless it would cause undue hardship. A reasonable accommodation is any change in the work environment or in the way a job is performed that enables a person with a disability to enjoy equal employment opportunities. 
Term
Question #30
Definition
Answer is B
Term
Job Description
Definition
A concise summary of the specific tasks and responsibilities of a particular job.
Term
Race with greatest increase in employment through 2016
Definition
Asians and hispanics will increase the most. With hispanics increasing a slightly larger percent.
Term
Glass Ceiling
Definition
Invisible barrier that seperates women and minorities from top management positions
Term
Organizational Behavior 
Definition
An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations
Term

Components of Attitude

 

Definition

1)Cognitions- thoughts, beliefs, and opinions

2)Affect- emotions and feelings

3)Behavior- intentions to act

Term

Perception

 

Definition
The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.
Term

Attributions

and

3 factors that affect it

 

Definition

Judgements about what caused a persons behavior- either charecteristics of the person (Internal) or of the situation (External).

Factors:

1) Distinctiveness- whether the behavior is unusual for that person

2) Consistency- Whether the person being observed has a history of behaving this way.

3) Consensus- whether other people tend to respond the same way in similar situations

Term
Personality
Definition
The set of charecteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment
Term
Personality Traits
Definition

1) Extroversion- The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships.

2) Agreeableness- The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good natured, lieable, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

3) Conscientiousness- The degree to which a person is focused on new goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented.

4) Emotional Stability- The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure.

5) Openness to experience- The degree to which a person has a broad range of interests and is imaginative, creative, artistically senstive, and willing to consider new ideas.


Term
Locus of Control
Definition

Whether an individual places success and failure on oneself (Internal) or on outside forces (External)

 

Do you control your own fate?

Term

How do you gather information?

Sensation or Intuition?

Definition

Sensation- work with facts, routine, hard data.

 

Intuition- seek possibilities and abstract concepts.

Term

How do you evaluate data?

Thinking or Feeling?

Definition

Thinking- impersonal analysis, reason, logic.

 

Feeling- personal feelings, approval of others.

Term
Leadership
Definition
The ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.
Term
Leadership vs Management
Definition

Management promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the organizaiton.

 

Leadership promotes vision, creativity, and change.

Term
4 Decision Styles
Definition

1) Directive Style- quick, simple, clear cut solutions.

2) Analytical Style- searches for best possible solution based on information available

3) Conceptual Style- consider many broad alternatives, rely on information from both people and systems, and like to solve the problem creatively.

4) Behavioral Style- concerned with the personal development of others and may make decisions that help others achieve their goals.

Term
3 Change Styles
Definition

  • Conservers – Seen as being inflexible and resistant to change, conservers are actually open to change when it is presented incrementally under the organization’s traditional structure.
  • Pragmatists – These people make up roughly 51% of all managers in the business world, and seek for practical, functional solutions to problems. Always seeking an understanding for both sides of an argument, pragmatists appear to be accepting and flexible to change that is beneficial to the organization. Get the job done.
  • Originators/innovators – Entrepreneurs are often times considered originators because of their desire to challenge previously accepted assumptions and accept risk. Originators are visionaries who get excited about the opportunities that may arise from change.

Term
4 Roles in Organizational Change
Definition

1) Inventor- Develops and understands technical aspects of idea.

2) Champion- Believes in idea, visualizes benefits, obtains financial and political support, overcomes obstacles.

3) Sponsor- High level manager who removes organizational barriers. approves and protects idea within organization.

4) Critic- Provides reality test, looks for short comings, defines hard nosed criteria that idea must past.

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