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Definition
| The energy required by molecules in order to collide with one another and react. |
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Definition
| The part of an enzyme molecule to which the substrate binds. |
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Definition
| Characteristics that allow an organism to survive in an environment. |
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Definition
| The evolution of a variety of specialised organisms from a primitive, relatively unspecialised ancestor. |
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| The nitrogen-containing, molecular 'building blocks' of proteins. |
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Definition
| Superficially similar structures that have evolved independently. |
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| Without gametes; no fertilisation occurs. |
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| The chemistry of living things, and its study. |
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| The geographical distribution of organisms, and its study. |
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Definition
| The part of the nervous system that co-ordinates all neural functions. Consists of the brain and spinal column. |
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Definition
| One of two cellular organelles that form the 'poles' of spindle fibres during cell division. |
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Definition
| A small structure that holds single-stranded chromatids together. |
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Definition
| A long strand of DNA (a DNA double helix) containing genes. |
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Definition
| Producing identical copies of an organism. |
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Definition
| A set of 3 RNA (or DNA) bases that codes for a particular amino acid, or that signals a step in the production of a polypepetide (e.g. a stop-codon). |
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Definition
| An organic compound that helps an enzyme to function. |
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Definition
| An inorganic compound or ion that helps an enzyme to function. |
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Definition
| Similarities and differences between the anatomical features (e.g. organs, bone structure) of different organisms, and its study. |
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Definition
| Organisms of different ancestry evolving similar characteristics. |
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Definition
| Fertilisation between gametes from different individuals. |
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Definition
| The breaking and swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| The division of cytoplasm following the division of the nucleus during cell division. |
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Definition
| The process of unravelling an enzyme so that its active site can no longer function. |
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Definition
| A genetic cross in which two characteristics are considered. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes occur in pairs. |
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Definition
| The evolution of a variety of different organisms from a common ancestor. |
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Definition
An enzyme that can join pieces of DNA together.
[Terminology for transgenic organisms. See also 'Gene cloning'; 'Recombinant DNA'.] |
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Term
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Definition
An enzyme that catalyses the syynthesis of DNA.
[Terminology for protein synthesis] |
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Term
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Definition
| A self-sustaining set of organisms and their non-living environment. |
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Definition
| An animal the controls its body temperature externally. Its body temperature approximates the external environment. |
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Definition
| Part of an organism that carries out a response to any deviation in the homeostatic balance. |
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Definition
| The study of embryonic development. |
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Definition
| An animal that controls its body temperature internally. Its body temperature remains relatively constant whatever the external temperature. |
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Definition
| The living and non-living surroundings of an organism. |
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Definition
| A highly specialised cellular protein that reduces the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, thus speeding up the reaction. |
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Definition
| The gradual changes that have transformed the earliest stages of life into the diversity of life found today. |
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Definition
| The prvoision of information about changes to a set value that must be maintained in order for homeostasis to exist, or the provision of information so that the set value is restored. |
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Definition
| The joining (or union) of a male and female gamete. |
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Definition
| The preserved remains, traces or implants of dead organisms. |
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Definition
| A haploid cell that can undergo fertilisation. |
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Definition
| A section of DNA on a chromosome that contains information for synthesis of a polypeptide. |
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Definition
The transfer of genes into bacteria that reproduce copies of these genes.
[see also 'DNA ligase'; 'Recombinant DNA'.] |
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Definition
| Changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. |
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Definition
| The treatment of disease by replacing a harmful gene with a healthy gene. |
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Definition
| The alteration of a chromosome by removing and/or adding genes. |
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Definition
| The entire set of genes in a species. |
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Definition
| The genes present in an organism that control a particular characteristic. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes occur singly. |
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Definition
| The constant internal composition of an organism and the mechanisms that maintain it. |
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Definition
| Structures with common evolutionary origins but different functions and dissimilar superficial structures. |
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Definition
| An area of the brain that acts as a control centre for maintaining homeostasis. |
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Definition
| Genes found on the same chromosome. |
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Definition
| Cell division which produces haploid cells; gametes are formed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of reactions in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate (reactant) for the next reaction. |
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Definition
| All the chemical reactions that take place in an organism. |
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Definition
| The duplication of chromosomal DNA, followed by a cell division that produces two diploid daughter cells. |
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Definition
| The study of the structure of organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in a gene, chromosome arrangement or chromosome number. |
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Definition
| The process of interaction between organisms and their environment that results in different success in survival and reproduction. |
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Definition
| The failure of an homologous chromosome pair to separate during meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic unit of a DNA double helix, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and one of 5 nitrogenous bases. |
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Definition
| The study of fossils and other aspects of extinct life. |
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Definition
| The forelimb of vertebrates. |
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Definition
The chemical bond that joins one amino acid to another.
[Terminology for protein synthesis.] |
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Definition
| The physical appearance of an organism. |
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Definition
| The study of body organ and tissue functioning. |
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Definition
| The theory that evolution has proceeded in rapid bursts followed by periods of little change. |
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Term
| Random Segregation (independent assortment) |
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Definition
| Independent separation of chromosome pairs with respect to other chromosome pairs during meiosis. |
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Definition
| Parts of the body that detect a stimulus. |
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Definition
DNA that has had DNA from another species spliced into it.
[Terminology for transgenic organisms. See also 'DNA ligase'; 'Gene cloning'.] |
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Term
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Definition
An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites.
[see also 'DNA ligase'.] |
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Term
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Definition
| A nucleic acid concerned with the synthesis of proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organelles found throughout the cell that function as sites for protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of RNA.
[Terminology for protein synthesis.] |
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Term
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Definition
| The choosing of pairs to mate in order to produce offspring with particular characteristics. |
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Definition
| Fertilisation between gametes from the same individual. |
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Definition
| A nerve cell that relays chemoelectrical information from a sensory receptor to the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| With male and female gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diploid cells. 'Body cells'. |
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Definition
| A group of interbreeding organisms that share the same gene pool. |
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Definition
| Something that causes a response. |
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Definition
| The substance upon which an enzyme acts. |
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Definition
| The record of the earth's geological history, and the evolution of organisms during that time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of the genetic code on DNA into the genetic code on m-RNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Species that have had genes artificially inserted from other species. |
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Definition
| The conversion of the information in the genetic code into the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. |
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Definition
| Differences in characteristics of a population of organisms. |
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