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Blue Planet
Blue Planet Final Test Flash Cards
45
Science
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2009

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Minerals
Definition

 

Are found in nature within rocks and are and essential part of our consumption.

Term
Ore Deposits
Definition

 

Minerals found in high enought concentrations to be profitably extracted.

Term
Minerals can be concentrated by many ways, name two...
Definition

Hydrothermal processes

Magmatic processes

Term
A hydrothermal process happens at a...
Definition
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Term

Placer

 

Definition
accumulation of valuable minerals by deposition of dense mineral phases in a trap site
Term
How do placers form?
Definition

Behind rock bars

 in rock holes

below waterfalls

inside meander loops

Downstream from a tributary

behind undulations on ocean floor

Term
Controls where metals and minerals are found
Definition
Plate tectonics
Term
Many valuable metals and minerals are found around...
Definition
the ring of fire
Term

Why is so much energy lost?

 

Definition
  • inefficient production and trasport
  • 2nd law of thermodynamics
Term
What are a few of the major fuels used by the world?
Definition
Coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear
Term
The US uses about __ barrels of fuel per capital per year, Indian orTanzania use __ barrels
Definition
50, 2
Term
What are fossil fuels?
Definition
Remains of organic matter from plants and animals, usually trapped within sedimentary rocks
Term
When sedimentary rockes undergo heating and burial, oranic remains...
Definition
convert to oil or coals
Term
Oil shales are...
Definition
Marine bacteria and algae
Term
Coal is...
Definition
Land trees, plants
Term
The largest coal deposits formed during the...
Definition
Carboniferous and Permian period, and Cretaceous period.
Term
Petroleum
Definition
Naturally occuring hydrocarbons (liquid, solid, or gas) in marine sedimentary rocks that have undergone burial/heating
Term
In older rocks, the rate of leakage is...
Definition
high
Term
Name a few alternative energy sources
Definition

Biomass energy

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

Geothermal

Solar, Wind, Tides

 

Term
Biomass energy uses
Definition
Wood and animal dung, fast growing grasses, using methane from waste products
Term
Earth is ___ billion years old.
Definition
4.65
Term
THe Hadean Eon was characterized by...
Definition
Dense hot atmosphere.  No oxygen.  Lots of CO2, sulfur, nitrogen,and water vapor.
Term
Precambrian period
Definition
Atmospher no longer acidic, still no oxygen, life begins.
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Breathed in CO2 gave off O2.  Lead to the formation of the ozone making it safe for life.
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
breathed O2, split into two branches: Plants and animals
Term
Evidence that Earth's atmosphere and oceans were not O2 rich are found in...
Definition
rocks formed from iron dissolved in water (can only happen without O2)
Term
What four criteria define something that is living?
Definition
  • Metabolism- chemical reactions by which the organism gets energy
  • Growth- ordering molecules to make larger ones
  • Reproduction- Cell division and self-replication
  • Evolution- changes in the characteristics or organisms over many generations
Term
An ecosystem is...
Definition
Minimum system that can sustain life: Living things, non-living environment and an energy source
Term
An ecostystem needs a minimum of two kinds of organisms called-
Definition
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Term
Autotrophs
Definition
Make their own food by taking nutrients and energy (plants, photosynthetic bacteria)
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
Decomposers-- Break down live or dead organic matter. (Bacteria, Fungi)
Term
Food chains are..
Definition
interconnections between trophic levels
Term
External energy for most ecosystems is the...
Definition
Sun
Term
The first law of thermodynamics is...
Definition
In any physical or chemical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed, but changed from one form to another.
Term
The Second Law of thermodynamics says:
Definition
Energy always changes from a useful, organized form to a less useful, unorganized one (heat)
Term
Biomass=
Definition
The total amound of organic matter in an ecosystem
Term
Autotrophs are ____ producers
Definition
primary
Term
Heterotrophs are _____ producers
Definition
secondary
Term
Population
Definition
Group of individuals of the same species living in an area, interbreeding and sharing genetic information
Term
Growth rate=___ rate-___rate
Definition
birth rate-death rate
Term
If population grows too fast and rescources are limited, growth will...
Definition

slow down.  Overcrowding=spread of disease

too little food per individual=decline in reproduction rates

Term
Nuclear energy is derived from
Definition
atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes, chiefly uranium.
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