Term
| ECG during a heart attack |
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Definition
-T wave inversion
-ST elevation > funny RT wave
-ischemic injury > Q is really big |
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Term
| Why most MI's in early am |
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Definition
-increased vascular tone in am
-BP is slightly increased
-accelerated blood coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
-HR responsive to activity, stress, temp, anxiety
-regulated through autonomic NS
-sympathetic > accelerator nerves synapse with SA/AV + myocardium
-Parasympathetic - cardio-inhitor in medulla by way of vagus nerve |
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Term
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Definition
-epinephrine, thyroxine > +HR
-+Ca > cardiac depression, cardiac irritability
--Ca > depressed unresponsive heart
-+K > heart block
--K > feeble beating, weak heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
-thicker than veins 5-6 x
-endothelium
-middle layer
-outer layer |
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Term
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Definition
-inner layer
-smooth, single layer of squamous epi |
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Term
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Definition
-tunica media
-bulk of wall
-smooth muscle w/ thick layer of elastic connective tissue
-withstand BP
-stretches
-vasoconstricts/vasodialtes |
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Term
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Definition
-tunica externa
-connective tissue with regular elastic collagenous fibers
-attaches artery to surrounding tissues |
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Term
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Definition
-innervated by autonomic NS
-vasomotor control
-taper to smaller arterioles > thinner layers
-metarterioles join with caps |
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Term
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Definition
| veins and arteries a joined directly without capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
-connection between arteries and veins
-extensions of endothelial lining of arteries
-one cell layer thick
-point of gas/nutrient exchange
-point of circulatory return |
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Term
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Definition
-pore size varies > largest in liver, spleen, marrow > allows large protein + cells to leave
-smallest > smooth, skeletal, cardiac muscle
-small/limited in brain to create blood/brain barrier |
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Term
| high density capillary arrangement |
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Definition
-tiisue w/ high metabolic demand
-muscle and nerves more O2 and nutrients |
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Term
| low density capillary arrangement |
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Definition
-slow metabolism > tendon, ligament, coenea
- don't heal well
-don't bleed much |
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Term
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Definition
-some caps pass directly from arterioles to venules
-others highly branched network |
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Term
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Definition
| precapillary sphincters relax and that increases flow to skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| flow increases in the GI track |
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Term
| regulation of capillary flow |
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Definition
-changes in sympathetic tone
-controlled by precapillary sphincters
- ring of smooth muscle sensitive to changes in O2 + nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
3 forces
-difussion
-filtration
-osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-high to low concentration
-high O2 + nutrients into tissues
-from tissue high in CO2 > high metabolic waste out
-depends on lipid solubility > diffuse through cell membrane
-lipid insoluble > diffuse through pores in cell memb or slits in caps |
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Term
| filtration (hydrostatic BP) |
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Definition
-high pressure in arteries vs. veins
- arteriolar end versus venular end
-hydrostatic pressure pushes small molecules through caps
-excess fluid picked up by lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
plasma proteins in blood cause it to have higher osmotic pressure
-this causes fluid + wastes to be drawn into vessels
normally more fluid leaves the caps then reeturns
-lymph vessels collect excess fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| -histamine > cap vasolidation > increased cap. permeability > too much fluid for lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
-thinner walls
-elastic tissue
-low presusre
-veind of upper and lower limbs
-fuction as blood reservoir
-loss of blood > sympathetic
-vasoconstriction occurs to increase bp |
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Term
| blood moved back to heart |
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Definition
-one way valves
-massaging action of skeletal muscle
-negative pressure of chest |
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Term
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Definition
110-140/60-90
s/d
s > ventricular contraction
d > ventricular filling |
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Term
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Definition
| expanding and recoiling of arterial wall |
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Term
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Definition
-radial > wrist
-brachial > arm
-carotid > neck
-femoral > inner thigh
-temporal > head
-popliteal > behind knee
-facial > jaw bone
- post tibial > anckle joint
-dorsalis pedis >top of foot |
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Term
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Definition
-C.O.
-Stroke volume and blood discharged from ventricles
-blood volume
dehydration, hemorrhage > lower BP
-Systemic Vascular Resistance SVR > friction between blood vessels
-viscosity BP up
-polycythemia > adaptation to high altitudes |
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Term
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Definition
-mechanical regulation
-nervous regulation
-chmical regulation
-hormonal regulation |
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Term
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Definition
-baroreceptors aortic arch + carotid sinuses > to cardiac center of medulla
-up BP > parasym > SA node > down HR cardioinhibitor reflex
-down BP sympath > SA node > Up HR cardioaccelerator reflex
-vasomotor in medulla reg blood vessel size |
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Term
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Definition
| -changes in strength of ventricular contraction assure a match of volume in and out |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoreceptors for 02 and pH > aortic arch, carotid arteries, brain (pons) influences SVR, ebercise > up CO2, down O2, down pH > vasodilation up blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
-adrenal medulla >fight/flight response epinephrin
-ADH antidiuretic hormone
-atrial natriuretic factor > high BP > secreted in atria > down SV and BV |
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Term
| CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE HPc |
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Definition
-fluid flow out
-tends to force fluids through the capillary walls
-greater at the arterial end |
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Term
| capillary colloid pressure OPc |
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Definition
-fluid flow in
-created by nondiffusable plasma proteins, which draw water toward themselves |
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Term
| Net Filtration Pressure NFP |
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Definition
-considers all forces acting on a capillary bed
-at the arterial end of a bed, hydrostatic forces dominate
-at the venous end of a bed, osmotic froces dominate |
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Term
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Definition
any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally
-results in adequate blood flow to meet tissue needs
-3 types
-hypovolemic, vascular shock, cardiogenic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| results from large scale blood loss |
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Term
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Definition
| poor circulation resulting from extreme vasolidation |
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Term
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Definition
| the heart cannot sustain adequate circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| short loop that runs from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| routes blood through a long loop to all parts of the body and returns to the heart |
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