Term
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Definition
| Endothelial Storage Organelle for vWF |
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Term
| Smooth Muscle Cells synthesize? |
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Definition
| Synthesize Collagen, Elastin, Protoglycans, growth factors, and cytokines |
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Term
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Definition
| Can Cause High Output Heart Failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardening of the arteries |
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Term
| Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis |
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Definition
| Calcium Deposits in Medium sized Muscular arteries in people older than 50 |
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Term
| What is the major component associated with increased risk of Atherosclerosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can increase HDL levels? |
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Definition
| Exercise and Moderate EtOH intake |
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Term
| What factors decrease HDL levels? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do statins lower cholesterol? |
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Definition
| Inhibit HMG CoA Reductase |
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Term
| Hypertension on its own increases the risk of Ischemic Heart Disease by what percentage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important cause of left Ventricular Hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can Homocysteine cause endothelial dysfunction? |
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Definition
| Generates reactive Oxygen species and interferes with Nitric Oxide Functions |
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Term
| Where are Atheromas (plaques) most common? |
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Definition
| Ostia of major Branches and Lower Abdominal Aorta |
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Term
| What Percentage of the general population have Hypertension? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What percentage of hypertension is idiopathic? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Mutation in ENac Channel Protein causing increased tubular Na reabsorption via Aldosterone (increased BP) |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the Lumen found in hypertensives and Diabetics. |
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Term
| Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis |
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Definition
| Onion-Skin Thickening of Arterioles seen in Malignant Hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves only a portion of the vessel wall |
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Term
|
Definition
| progressive dilation of the complete circumference of the vessel |
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Term
| At what level is an AAA normally found? |
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Definition
| Below the renal arteries but above the bifurcation |
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Term
| What Percentage of Aneurysms that are greater than 5 but less than 6 cm in size rupture each year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Percentage of Aneurysms that are greater than 6 cm in size rupture each year? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the mortality associated with ruptured AAA surgery? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Thoracic Anuerysm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Obliterative Endarteritis of Vasa Vasorum is associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tree Barking is associated with what? |
|
Definition
| Contraction of Scars caused by ischemic injury to the aortic media (Obliterative Endarteritis of Vasa Vasorum) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Enlarged Heart (1000g) Seen in Aortic Insufficiency |
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Term
| A 40-60 year old hypertensive man with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the back most likely has what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Micro feature of T. Pallidum (Syphilis) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| c-ANCA is associated with? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| p-ANCA is associated with |
|
Definition
| Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Endothelial Cell antibodies are associated with? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common vasculitides? |
|
Definition
| Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal) |
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|
Term
| What abrupt symptom is Giant Cell Arteritis associated with? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can you distinguish between Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis? |
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Definition
| Patient Age. Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis usually presents after the age of 50. Takayasu is mostly found in women less than 40. |
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Term
| Why is Takayasu known as the pulseless disease? |
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Definition
| THe upper extrimities have a weak pulse due to aortic Arch involvement and ostia of major arteries to the upper extremities are narrowed or obliterated |
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|
Term
| What is the major cause of death in Polyarteritis Nodosa? |
|
Definition
| Renal involvement (failure) |
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|
Term
| 30 % of patients with this vasculitis have HBsAg-Ab complexes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Whith treatment, what percentage of PAN patients have remission? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What Mucocutanerous Lymph Node Syndrome is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children? |
|
Definition
| Kawasaki Syndrome (20% untreated develop Cardiovascular problems) |
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|
Term
| A 4 year old male child comes to the clinic with conjuntival erythema, swelling of hands and feet, desuamating rash on his skin and fever. What is his diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Patient presents with necrotizing glomerulonephritis (hematuria, proteinuria, hemoptysis). Labs show he is p-ANCA positive. What is his diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| Microscopic Polyangiitis AKA Hypersensitivity/Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis |
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|
Term
| Churg-Strauss Syndrome AKA Allergic granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis similar to PAN and Microscopic Polyangiitis but with what distinct extra feature? |
|
Definition
| Granulomas with EOSINOPHILIC necrosis |
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|
Term
| A man in his 40s presents with Sinusitis and possible Pneumonia. Images and biopsy show Acute necrotizing granulomas in his respiratory tract. c-ANCA is positive. What does he have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mortality of untreated Wegener Granulomatosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 30 year old Indian male that has smoked heavily since he was 18 has cold sensitivity in his hands and feet. Gradually his hands and feet become painful even at rest., and he has noticed an ulcer on his foot that just wont heal. What is the diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| A woman in her 3rd trimester of pregnancy comes to the ER complaining of a painful flushed appearing leg. The Dr. Diagnosis her to have Phlegmasia Alba Dolens. Where is the thrombosis located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior Vena Caval Syndrome is caused by? |
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Definition
| Compression of the SVC by a neoplasm or more rarely an aneurysm |
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of Lymphangitis? |
|
Definition
| Group A Beta-Hemolytic strep |
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Term
|
Definition
| Familial Primary Lymphatic agensis that causes Lymphedema |
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|
Term
| A patient presents with Peau d'orange skin coloration of her breast. The patient has a full mastectomy performed. What might be a complication after she heals from this surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 immunohistochemical markers for endothelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child that is 1 month old develops a Red/Blue colored mark on their face that grows with the child for a time. The parents are concerned, but their pediatrician assures them it is a benign lesion. By the time the child is 10 the mark has disappeared. What was it? |
|
Definition
| Strawberry Type Capillary Hemangioma |
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|
Term
| A man presents with trouble seeing out of his right eye. It is found he has a Cavernous Hemangioma in his eye and his doctor immediately becomes concerned his patient has what disease? |
|
Definition
| Von Hippel Lindau disease associated with Renal Neoplasms |
|
|
Term
| 1 % of Pregnant women develop this type of tumor on their gingiva? |
|
Definition
| Pyogenic Granuloma (Pregnancy Tumor) |
|
|
Term
| What type of Lymphangioma is associated with Turner Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Cystic Hygroma (Cavernous Lymphangioma) |
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|
Term
| A man comes to his doctor complaining of an extreme pain under his fingernail. On examination there is a 0.5cm round blue mass seen under the nail. What benign tumor may be the cause of this pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child presents with Port-Wine Stain in a trigeminal distribution on one side of his face, mental retardation, seizures, and hemiplegia. What is the diagnosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of Bacillary Angiomatosis? |
|
Definition
| Bartonella Henselae infection in immunocompromised (AIDS) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most tumor in Central Africa? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A South African Bantu child presents with Lymphadenopathy and sparse skin lesions. What does he have? |
|
Definition
| African/Endemic Kaposi Sarcoma (NOT AIDS RELATED) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common AIDS associated cancer in the US? |
|
Definition
| Kaposi Sarcoma- Normally not the cause of death |
|
|
Term
| Arsenic Pesticides, Thorotrast and polyvinal chloride all have been implicated in the formation of what cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A woman that had a mastectomy tens years ago and regular lymphedema since is at risk for what new malignant cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vessel used in CABG has the best ten year outlook? |
|
Definition
| Internal Mammary Artery (50% of Saphenous vein grafts lose patency by year 10) |
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