Term
| Name the 6 kinds of blood vessels in lecture |
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Definition
large artery (elastic)
medium artery (muscular)
small arteries and arterioles
capillary
small vein or venule (post capillary and muscular)
Medium / Large veins |
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Term
| 2 exceptions to normal blood flow |
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Definition
systemic portal systems (vein between 2 cap systems)
arteriovenous shunts (bypass capillaries) |
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Term
| where does bloodpressure have the most variability? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 reasons BP is lower in veins than arteries |
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Definition
veins have less muscle and elastic fibers
blood is further from the heart |
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Term
| 3 layers of arteries / veins |
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Definition
tunica intima (single layer of endothelial cells, basal lamina and sub-endothelial layer of loos CT)
tunica media: layers of smooth muscle, sheets of elstin and collagen fibers.
tunica adventitia: longitudionaly arragend connective tissue, large vessels have nerves here |
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Term
| what seperates the interna from the media? media from adventitia? |
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Definition
internal elastic membrane IEM
External elastic membrane |
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Term
| how does the aorta maintain continuous blood flow dispite intermittant pumping of the heart? |
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Definition
| distention and recoil (elasticiccty) |
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Term
| Another name for large vs medium arteries |
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Definition
| conduction vs distributing |
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Term
| how do the arterioles regulate blood pressure? |
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Definition
| regulate distribution of blood to capillary beds by vasoconstriction and vasodialation |
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Term
| how many RBCs can fit through a capillary at the same time? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
continuous (many transport vessicles)
fenesterated (pores)
discountinuous (gaps between cells) |
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Term
| what is the function of a capillary? what regulates this? |
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Definition
transport of plasma macromolecules across the vascular endothelium
capillary blood flow (dialation vs constriction)
capillary network desnity (tissue metabolic activity) |
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Term
| how can we tell where the post-capillary venule begins? |
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Definition
| looks like a capillary with wider lumen |
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Term
| where does diapedesis usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| which has a thinner T. media, veins or arteries? which has a larger diameter? |
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Definition
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Term
| which boundary is hard to identify in veins? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do veins prevent the reflux of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the elastin located in most veins |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of lymph vessicles? |
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Definition
| remove protein rich fluid from inercellular spaces |
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Term
| which blood vessel system has the most area? |
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Definition
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Term
| why are lymph vessels so permeable? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the lymph system drain? |
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Definition
| into veins @ the back of the neck |
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Term
how do these proteins get into the lymph system?
Why does this happen |
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Definition
muscular contractions open up spaces between lymph endothelial cells
no zona occludens |
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Term
| what filters the lymph before it goes back to the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| what fetures designapte lymph vessels on a slide? |
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Definition
| irregular outline, no rbcs |
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Term
| these are things the endothelium regulates |
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Definition
| permeability flow tone +/- clotting immunoresponse hormone synthesis lipoprotein modification vessel growth SMC activity |
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Term
| what is the first step in atherosclerosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 risk factors for atherosclerosis |
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Definition
LDL levels
DM
Hypertension
smoking |
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Term
| 3 basic steps to atherosclerosis |
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Definition
1) injury to endothelium
2) lipids taken by macrophages in tunica intima and fibroblasts of subendothelial space proliferated
3) macrophage releases lipids and cytokines which stimulage collagen production and proliferation of SMCs |
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Term
| lesion of a large artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| atheromas can cause what? |
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Definition
1) MI
2) cerebral infarction and strocke
3) gangrene and loss of function |
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Term
| 2 ways blood vessels develop |
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Definition
vasculogenesis (totally new network)
angiogenesis (sprouting from an existing network) |
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Term
| these are the monomers in vasculogenesis that create new vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| name 2 anti-angiogenic agents that might help limit the size (and metastatic activity) of tumors |
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Definition
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