Term
| Possible Thromboembolic Events (7) |
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Definition
-Thrombus (formations of a clot)
-Embolism (migration of a clot in body)
-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
-Pulmonary embolism (PE)
-Peripheral arterial occlusion
-Stroke
-Myocardial Infarction (MI) |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of blood thinning drugs? |
|
Definition
-Anticoagulants
-Antiplatelet |
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Term
| Name 2 Direct-Acting Anticoagulants |
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Definition
-Heparin Sodium
-Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of the Heparins? |
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Definition
| They inhibit specific clotting factors by binding to antithrombin III, a natural inhibitor of coagulation, and thus potentiating the action of ATIII. This inhibits the activity of Xa, the conversion to thrombin, and thrombin activity. |
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Term
| What are Heparins used for (4)t? |
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Definition
-Prevent formation of new clots and the extension of existing clots
-DVT, PE, and other emboli
-Prevent blood clotting in surgery and hemodialysis
-Prevent coagulation after blood has left body |
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Term
| Pharmacokinetics of Heparins |
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Definition
-Parenteral (highly charged)
-IV or SC
-Highly protein bound |
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Term
|
Definition
-Bleeding
-Allergic reactions
-Loss of consciousness
-BP fluctuations
-Allergic reactions |
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Term
| Contraindications of Heparins (4) |
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Definition
-Active bleeding
-Severe liver disease
-Uncontrolled hypertension
-Not for brain, spinal cord, or eye surgeries |
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Term
| What are the nursing considerations when administering Heparins (3)? |
|
Definition
-Protamine Sulfate is the antidote
-Drug interactions
-Observe for bleeding and blood in urine |
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Term
| Name 2 oral anticoagulants. |
|
Definition
-Warfarin
-Bishydroxycoumarin |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of oral anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| They interfere with the production of active vitamin K in the liver. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of many clotting factors. |
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Term
| When is the peak activity of anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| 48-72 hours after administration |
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Term
| What are anticoagulants used for (2)? |
|
Definition
-Prophylaxis and treatment of DVT and PE
-Prophylaxis with atrial fibrillation or MI |
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Term
| Pharmacokinetics of Oral Anticoagulants (2) |
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Definition
-Oral
-Highly protein bound |
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Term
| ADRs of Oral Anticoagulants (5) |
|
Definition
-Bleeding
-Abdominal cramps
-Nausea
-Anorexia
-Alopecia |
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|
Term
| What are the nursing considerations when administering oral anticoagulants (6)? |
|
Definition
-Not to be used with patients with active bleeding
-Monitor blood work; Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
-Vitamin K (Phytonadione) is the antidote
-Drug, herbal, and dietary interactions (leafy green vegetables should be avoided)
-Patient education
-Avoid alcohol |
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Term
| Name 4 Anti-Platelet Drugs |
|
Definition
-Aspirin
-Clopidrogel Bisulfate
-Dipyridamole
-Abciximab |
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|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of anti-platelet drugs? |
|
Definition
| They prevent the formation of platelet plug. |
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Term
| What are Anti-Platelet drugs used for (3)? |
|
Definition
-Prevention of arterial thrombus formation
-Prevention of TIAs
-Reduce risk of fatal MI and stroke |
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Term
| ADRs of Anti-Platelet Drugs (2) |
|
Definition
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