Term
| What is the Volume, Typical Hct, platelet/granulocyte activity, and use of Whole Blood? |
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Definition
| 450-500mL at 35-45% hct; Platelets and Granulocytes are non-functional and Whole blood is used for volume replacement with simultaneous increased O2 capacity |
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Term
| Draw out the Type and Screen process for Transfusion (15) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A (have A antigen but anti-B antibodies) B (have B antigen but anti-A antibodies) O (no antigen but anti-A and B antibodies), AB (neither A nor B antigens, the universal donor) |
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Term
| What are some of the crossmatch limitations? |
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Definition
| Not all antibodies are detected, not all ABO/Rh errors can be detected, Transfused RBC survival is not ensured, and it is possible to have a Transfusion Reaction |
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Term
| What is the Indication for giving RBCs? |
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Definition
| Increase O2 carrying capacity |
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Term
| What are the Limitations for giving RBCs? |
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Definition
| Not for nutritional deficiency, Volume repletion, or platelet/granulocyte repletion |
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Term
| How are Washed RBCs prepared? |
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Definition
| Wash RBCs with saline to remove plasma proteins and then resuspend in saline to 75% Hct |
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Term
| What are the indications for giving Washed RBCs? |
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Definition
| Allergic reactions, Severe IgA deficiency due to anti-IgA antibodies, or Infants with agglutinins |
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Term
| What is the main concern (precaution) that should take place when transfusing blood? |
|
Definition
| Proper labeling of blood type/patient |
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Term
| What all should specimen labeling contain? |
|
Definition
| Full name, MRN, Date of Collection, and Phlebotomist's initials |
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Term
| What are the two different forms in which platelets are acquired? |
|
Definition
| Apheresis platelets (single donors) and Random-donor platelets (Whole blood from 4-8 adults) |
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Term
| What are the Indications for Giving Platelets? |
|
Definition
| Active bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients, Platelet disorders, Surgeries |
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Term
| What are the Contraindications for giving Platelets? |
|
Definition
| HIT, type IIB vWD, ITP/TTP |
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Term
| What are the 5 major factors affecting platelet Increment (increases)? |
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Definition
| 1) Fever, 2) Sepsis, 3) Hypersplenism, 4) Consumptive Coagulopathy (DIC), 5) Platelet antibodies (HLA or autoimmune) |
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Term
| What is the Indications of giving Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)? |
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Definition
| Coagulation factor replacement |
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Term
| What is fresh frozen plasma NOT administered for, and what may it exacerbate? |
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Definition
| Not for Volume or Protein replacement; FFP may exacerbate DIC |
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|
Term
| What is the limitation of giving fresh frozen plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Fresh Frozen Plasma prepared? |
|
Definition
| apheresis or centrifugation of whole blood frozen within 8 hours |
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|
Term
| What does Fresh Frozen Plasma contain? |
|
Definition
| All clotting factors, albumin, and fibrinogen |
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Term
| What are the indications of giving Fresh Frozen Plasma? |
|
Definition
| Coagulopathy of liver disease, DIC, Warfarin OD, and other Rare coagulopathies |
|
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Term
| What blood type is given in trauma situations and what is the ratio? |
|
Definition
| O- blood; 2 Packed RBCs : 1 FFP |
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Term
| What are the indications for giving Cryoprecipitate, and how many units will a typical adult require? |
|
Definition
| Hypofibrinogenemia, DIC, Factor XIII deficiency; 8-10 units required for normal adult |
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Term
| What is the major indication for giving Albumin/Plasma Protein Fraction? |
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Definition
| Treatment for Acute Hypovolemia |
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Term
| What are the limitation for giving Albumin/Plasma Protein Fraction? |
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Definition
| Don't give for Chronic Hypovolemia and never for hypervolemia |
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Term
| What are the indications for giving Granulocytes? |
|
Definition
| Fever and Severe Neutropenia after at least 48 hours of attempted antibiotic therapy. Additionally, the recipient must have Reversible bone marrow hypoplasia, otherwise it is just prolonging the inevitable |
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Term
| What virus has a high prevalence in the population and may cause infection in transfusion recipients? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Why might a screen for CMV come back negative, but a recipient of the blood still contract CMV? |
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Definition
| The donor may be in the window (seroconverter) phase from a recent infection |
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Term
| What are the indications for giving CMV-seronegative blood? |
|
Definition
| In utero transfusion or transfusion to babies |
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|
Term
| What are the two methods to prevent Transfusion Transmitted CMV? |
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Definition
| 1) Leukocyte Reduction by pre-storage filtration (that is, remove the leukocytes before giving blood because that is where CMV resides) or 2) Use CMV - blood |
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Term
| What is the goal of Leukocyte-Reduced RBCs? |
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Definition
| Decrease the risk of CMV transmission |
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Term
| What is the goal of Irradiating leukocytes in donor blood? |
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Definition
| To avoid Graft vs Host Disease in patients that are immunocompromised |
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