Term
|
Definition
| What is needed for clots? |
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Term
|
Definition
| the proportion of the packed red blood cells to the total volume of the blood sample |
|
|
Term
short life span
90-120 days |
|
Definition
| What is a life span of an erythrocyte? (RBC) |
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Term
|
Definition
| What cells transport oxygen from the lungs throughout the body and lack a nuclei? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is a red, iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases some of its as the blood goes through the different organs? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the production of red blood cells? |
|
|
Term
| bone marrow, myeloid tissue |
|
Definition
| Where does the production of red blood cells occur? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells? Where is secreted from? |
|
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Term
transportion
thermoregulation
protection |
|
Definition
| What are the three main functions of RBCs? |
|
|
Term
| lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thympus and lymphoid tissue |
|
Definition
| Where are leukocytes produced? |
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|
Term
granulocytes:
basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil |
|
Definition
| Which leukocytes are granulocytes? |
|
|
Term
agranulocytes
monocytes, macrophages, lymphocyte (T cell and B cell) |
|
Definition
| Which leukocytes are agranulocytes? |
|
|
Term
recognize foreign matter
CSF and interleukins
MHC Major histocompatibility complex |
|
Definition
| What are the functions of leukocytes? |
|
|
Term
| Major histocompatibility complex |
|
Definition
| What is the process where you need to match for proteins for tissue donations? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which leukocytes is most numerous? |
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Term
|
Definition
Functions: respond most quickly to bacterial invasion
defensin
phagocytic cells, which can leave the blood and enter the connective tissue
Which leukocyte is this? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Functions: release histaminase
effective against parasitic worms
Which leukocyte is this? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Functions: inflammatory and allergic reactions
rarest type of WBC
contain the anticoagluant: heparin
Which leukocyte is this? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Functions: transform into macrophages
can enter the connective tissues
phagocytic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which leukocyte is involved with humoral immunity? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which leukocytes is involved with cell-mediated immunity? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What are fragment of cells which are also called megakaryocytes in the bone marrow? |
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|
Term
| form the body of blood clots |
|
Definition
| What is the function of platelets? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When the endothelium is damaged, platelets stick to the exposed connective tissue and release molecules that attract other platelets causing many plateletes to aggregate and form? |
|
|
Term
platelet plug
coagulation |
|
Definition
| What is the two step process that involves in hemostasis? |
|
|
Term
| postive feedback mechanism |
|
Definition
| What type of mechanism is a platelet plug? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What does bound platelets releases? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What tightens up the seal of a platelet plug? |
|
|
Term
prostacyclin (PGI2)
nitric oxide (NO) |
|
Definition
| What is found in undamaged vessels to inhibit a clot in forming? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In coagulation, what is need to form a clot? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In coagulation, what does thrombin splits into? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What enzyme helps strengthen fibrin? |
|
|
Term
tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
thrombomodulin
anti-thrombin III |
|
Definition
| What are some anticoagulant mechanisms? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the term where blood clumps together? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| What blood vessels carry blood to the heart? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which two chambers of the heart receive blood from the veins? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which heart chamber pump blood into the arteries? |
|
|
Term
AV valve
(atrioventricular valve)
tricuspid valve |
|
Definition
| Which AV valve separate the right atrium from the right ventricle? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which AV valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? |
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Term
|
Definition
| This valve is located at the opening where blood leaves each ventricle to enter the atrial system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This semilunar valve at the exit of the right ventricle is the ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This semilunar valve at the exit of the left ventricle is called _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which chamber is blood returned to? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which chamber pumps blood into the largest artery of the body, aorta? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What kind of circulatiion: from the heart (left ventricle) to all the body system and back to the heart (right atrium)? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which circulation: from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs and back to the heart (left atrium)? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the repeating pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart's chambers? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the phase of contraction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the phase of relaxation? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the contraction of the atria adds to the total amount of blood that will be in the ventricles at the end of their diastole? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the ventricle contracts, the amount of the blood they eject is called ______ . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What amount of the end-diastolic volume is the stroke volume of a resting person? |
|
|
Term
| isovolumetric contraction |
|
Definition
| As the ventricles begin contracting at systole, the pressure within them rises sharply, becoming greater than the pressure in the atria; this snaps the AV valve shuts. What is the phase called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the pressure in the ventricles becomes greater than the pressure in the arteries, the semilunar valves open. The pressure within the left ventricle starts to fall as blood leaves it, but the pressure in the aorta will rise about 120 mmHg as a result of systole. What is this phase called? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| As the pressure in the ventricles falls below the pressure in the arteries, the pressure difference causes the semilunar valves to snap shut, preventing backflow. When the AV valves and semilunar valves are closed, so that no blood can flow into the ventricle. This is the beginning of diastole. What is this phase called? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When the pressure in the ventricle falls below the pressure in the atria, the AV valves open and a phase of _____ ______ of the ventricle occurs. This is still diastole. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ___ ____ empties the final amount of blood into the ventricles to complete the end-diastolic volume, just before the next ventricular contraction (systole). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What sound is produced by closing of the AV valves at the beginning of systole? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What sound is produced by the closing of semilunar valves at the beginning of diastole? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is an abnormal heart sounds usually produced by defective valves or other structual defects that result in blood flowing in an abnormal way in the heart? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the protruding up into the left atrium because of the risinig pressure in the left ventricle during systole? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the normal pacemaker region of the heart which is located in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cana? |
|
|
Term
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of His)
|
|
Definition
| What is the specialized mass of conductin tissue located in the right atrium near the junction of the interventricular septum. It transmit the impulse into the bundle of His. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Motor tracts conduction tissue in the ventricles of the heart that carry impulses from the bundle of His to the myocardium of the ventricles. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| automatic depolarization occurs during diastole |
|
|
Term
| Ca2+-stimulated Ca2+ release |
|
Definition
| The Ca2+ that enters the myocardial cell through the plasma membrane during the plateau phase stimulates contraction. It does this by stimulating the opening of the Ca2+ release channels in the SR, which allows the Ca2+ from the SR to diffuse into the cytoplasm and bind to troponin. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the long action potential or long refractory period (contraction time)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a cardic rate slow than 60 beats per minute? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is a resting cardiac rate faster than 100 beats per minute? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What occurs when the conractions are coordinated but extremely rapid (200-300 beats per minute)? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In what, different myocardial cells produce action potential and contract at different times, so that a coordinated pumping action is impossble? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens when action potentials are produced extremely rapidly and the atria cannot effectively pump? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What measures the pumping ability of the ventricles and is equal to the stroke volume multiplied by the cardiac rate? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Which blood vessel does not have a valve? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which blood vessel is thicker due to vasoconstriction and vasodialation? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the connective tissue of blood vessels? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the smooth muscle of blood vessel? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is includes the lining endothelium, a simple sqamous epithelium? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the amount of blood in ventricles at the end of diastolic, immediately prior to contraction? |
|
|
Term
| total peripheral resistance |
|
Definition
| What is the frictional resistance to blood flow in arteries (primarily arterioles) that provides an impedance to the ejection of blood from the ventricles? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is the strength of the ventricle's contraction?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which blood vessel is the major resistance? |
|
|
Term
| Frank-Starling Law of the Heart |
|
Definition
| What is the direct relationship between end-diastolic volume, myocardial stretch, and the strength of myocardial contraction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The end-diastolic volume depends on the amount of blood during diastole flowing in veins back to the heart. What is this called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the contractions of skeletal muscles give the blood a push by squeezing veins located between the muscle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The higher pressure in the abdominal cavity helps blood move up the inferior vena cava back to the right atrium of the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the sensors for arterial blood pressure? |
|
|
Term
| aortic arch and carotid sinuses |
|
Definition
| Where are baroreceptors located? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What affects the venous return to the hart, and thereby the end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output? |
|
|
Term
| kidneys' production of urine |
|
Definition
| How is total blood volume regulated? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When fluid is filtered out of the capillary walls due to the capillary blood pressure, what is it called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the outward movement of fluid that is opposed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What transports excess interstitial fluid back into the blood, transports absorbed fat from the small intestine into the blood, and help provide immunological defense against disease-causing agents? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the smallest vessels of the lymphatic system? |
|
|
Term
- high arterial blood pressure
- venous obstruction
- leakage of plasma proteins into the interstitial fluid
- Decreased plasma protein concentration
- Obstruction of the lymphatic drainage
|
|
Definition
| What are the three probable causes of edema? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What adjust the renal regulation of blood volume? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What influenced the secretion of ADH? |
|
|
Term
1. dehydration, which reduces the amount of water
2. eating salt (NaCl) |
|
Definition
| How is plasma osmolarity raised? |
|
|
Term
juxtaglomerular apparatus
renin |
|
Definition
| What is the group of cells in the kidney that stimulated to secrete an enzyme? What is this enzyme called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renin converts a protein in the blood called angiotensinogen into a short polypeptide called _____. This polypeptide is inactive until circulated into the blood. |
|
|
Term
| angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
| What enzyme changes angiotensin I to angiotensin II? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone and stimulates vasocontriction of aterioles? |
|
|
Term
| renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
|
Definition
| What is the relationship between renin, angiotensin and aldosterone known as? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is proportional between cardiac output and peripheral resistance? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What constrict in response to norepinephrine and dilate in response to epinephrine? |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic metabolic vasodilation |
|
Definition
| As the heart's metabolism increases, local chemical changes in the myocardium act on the vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation. This reduces the resistance to flow and thereby increase the bloof flow through the heart. |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic myogenic regulation |
|
Definition
The blood flow to the brain is maintained between relatively constant despite changes in the arterial blood pressure. A rise in arterial blood pressure acts on the smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls to cause constriction of the cerebral arteries.
The blood flow relatively constant, but distribution is variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the ability of an organ to self-regulate its blood flow? |
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