Term
| What is the main role of Complement? |
|
Definition
| Lysis of antibody-coated cells or bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Other than lysis of cells what are 3 other functions of Complement? |
|
Definition
Mediates opsonization (phagocytosis)
Regulates inflammation
Chemotaxis |
|
|
Term
| Of the 3 ways that Complement can be activated, which way is Blood Bank concerned with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
C' is ALWAYS involved in immune intravascular hemolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
C' is ALWAYS involved in immune extravascular hemolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C' components are _______ activated to enzymatically active components |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
C' is heat LABILE and UNSTABLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of serum is needed to ensure adequate amounts of C' is viable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heating serum to what temperature will inactivate C'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does C' activation require? |
|
Definition
| Calcium & Magnesium cations |
|
|
Term
| What type of blood is used for DAT to prevent in vitro activation of C'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated C' causes RBC lysis - RBC stromal will damage which organ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may also become activated when the complement is activated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C' Activation may lead to what in ABO incompatible transfusions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classical Pathway occurs after binding of what to what? |
|
Definition
| IgM or IgG ABYs with their corresponding AGNs |
|
|
Term
| Activated C1 binds to ______ of the antibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ of IgM or ___ _____ of IgG are required to bind C' |
|
Definition
One molecule
Two molecules |
|
|
Term
| Which binds to C' better IgG or IgM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Alternative Pathway has limited or no significance to Blood Bank |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activation of Alternative Pathways is by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C__-__ unit becomes embedded in cell membrane and forms a central pore or hole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Sometimes C' activation starts but does NOT proceed to component 9 and cell death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can the C' cascade stop at C3b? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the sensitized red cells circulate, or if they are held by their C3b attachment site to macrophages of the RES system, C3b is degraded to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Detection of ____ with polyspecific AHG is indicative of in vivo C' fixation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Detection of C3d with polyspecific AHG indicate? |
|
Definition
| Earlier Antigen-Antibody reaction |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cells coated with C3d are IMMUNE from phagocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are C3d coated cells immune from phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
| Macrophages do not have a binding site for this component |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cells coated with C3d are only Temporarily sequestered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
RES Macrophages do NOT have receptors for IgM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgM antibodies that bind complement will be detected through the AHG stage provided ______ AHG is used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IgM antibodies are no considered clinically significant (except ABO) unless they react at what temperature and do what? |
|
Definition
37 degrees Celsius
Actively fix C'
Cause Intravascular lysis |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cells coated with non-C' fixing IgM have NORMAL Survival |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cells coated with non-C' fixing IgG have DECREASED Survival |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell Plus IgG and C' - Rate of destruction is greatly accelerated by what? |
|
Definition
| Splenic Phagocytosis (Extravascular hemolysis) |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cells coated with C' fixing IgM will be destroyed through intravascular hemolysis and Hemoglobinuria will be observed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells coated with C' fixing IgM - ___ & ___ damage usually occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IAT - Looking only for ______ antibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IAT - Use ____ _____ reagent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DAT - Looking for _____ antibody or if ________ is bound to the RBCs in vivo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DAT - Presence of C3b/C3d indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of AHG should you use with DAT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of AHG should you use with IAT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DAT uses cells form EDTA tube - ____ is chelated so cannot activate C1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DAT - Test will be detecting only C' proteins or IgG that have bound to RBCs in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IAT may use either serum or plasma - looking for a specific reaction between an _____ in serum and ____ present on RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
IAT - not concerned with in Vivo C' attachment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C' is INCREASED in ________ states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C' is DECREASED in ____, ____ ___ ___, and _____ ____ - either due to decreased production or increased loss |
|
Definition
Malnutrition
Severe Liver Disease
Nephrotic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| C3 & C4 are DECREASED in _____, _____ _____, and other immune complex diseases |
|
Definition
SLE
Acute Glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Congenital Deficiencies of C' are associated with ______ infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Some tests require C' to be inactivated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Stored serum develops anti-C' activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you are not testing immediately, what should you remove from cells and at what temperature should you store it? |
|
Definition
| Remove Serum from cells and store at -70 Degrees Celsius |
|
|
Term
| Measurement of C3 & C4 are by what method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of assay should you use to measure total hemolytic C'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells should you use to measure total hemolytic C'? |
|
Definition
| Sensitized Sheep Cells with Rabbit ABY |
|
|
Term
True or False:
RBC survival will diminish if IgM, IgG, and/or C' are attached |
|
Definition
|
|
