• plasma
• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets

• transport to maintain homeostasis
• regulates temperature
• protection from pathogens

plasma

• straw colored liquid that is 90% water

• hormones
• nutrients
• wastes
• protiens
• enzymes
• antibodies
• clotting factors

• aka Erythrocytes
• Life span:3-4 months(remember it lacks a nucleus!)

• to carry oxygen or Carbon Dioxide

hemoglobin(carries the 02 and c02)

• In males:45%
• In females:42%

1. aka Thrombocytes
2. life-span:4-7 days

platelets are made of

• Vitamin K is needed to make the pre-fibrous components
• if Vitamin K is lacking, then the proccess is slowed/prevented

• genetic disease in which one of the clotting factors is missing
• if wound occurs the person is unable to stop bleeding
• no cure, but now it can be treated with bacteria-produced clotting factors

• aka Leukocytes
• function:provides the body's natural defense against disease
• consists of 5 cell- types:neutrophils,Monocytes,Lymphocytes,
• Esinophils,Basophils

• release anticoagulant
• release histamine(heparin)

External and Internal, physical and chemical barriers

• ex. skin, sweat, tears, saliva,mucus,stomach acid

Second line of defense:

Inflammatory response:When cells are damaged, chemicals are released from them. These chemicals attract defensive cells to the area. This is called chemotaxis:

• increased flow causes puffiness, warmth, and phagocytes to the area
• phagocytic cells engulf large numbers of bacteria, ect...
• The two cells that do this are:Macrophages& Neutrophils

• This system depends upon the body's ability to recognize self vs. non-self
• Antigens- any substances that can cause an immune response
• A carb or protien on the cell surface that identifies it as being part of a particular organism

#3. Lymphocytes

• produce antibodies:protiens in the blood that bind to help destroy foreign substances
• 3 types: B cells, T cells, and Helper T cells

• made and develop in bone marrow
• each contains specific antibodies
• plasma cells-release antibodies for specific antigens in the blood
• The antigen/antibody complex attracts phagocytic cells that kill the pathogen

cell membrane immunity attack other

• Cytotoxic T-cells:bond to cell membrane of infected cells and poke holes in it
• memory T-cells:keeps its antibody and will recognize the antigen again if it enters the body

antigen- antibody reaction occurs in response to...

1. Contact with pathogens
2. recieving a vaccination

Universal Donor

Autoimmune(body attacks its own cells)

• WBC's make antibodies against person's own protiens
• lesions in places like skin and kidney's

• autoimmune
• causes release of chemicals that cause pain and swelling in joints

• bodily fluid exchange transtmits HIV
• INfects helper T-cells and macrophages
• disease progresses in 3 phases:1. acute phase 2. chronic phase and 3.crisis phase

• T-cell decreases(B-Cell decreases) AIDS
• your are suspectible to opportunistic disease(pneumonia)

disease in which the cells of your body multiply out of control/tummors= unconrolled cell growth

• are own body cells, the immune system doesnt stay it

Benign

• "innocent"
• will remain localized
• can still invade upon normal tissue space

• "moving"
• can invade and destroy adjacent structures
• can spread to distant structures

• uncontrolled division of WBC stem cells in bone marrow
• white blood cells are released before they are mature/functional
• become susceptible to other diseases