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Blood and Lymph
Paulsen
29
Biology
Professional
08/25/2008

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Cards

Term
What are the three layers in the tubes of the vascular system?
Definition
  • Tunica Intima: Endothelium(simple squamous epithelial) and Subendothelial Connective Tissue.
  • Tunica Media: Vascular Smooth Muscle
  • Tunica Adventitia or Cerosa: Fibroelastic Connective Tissue.

 

Term
What is the difference between Tunica Adventitia and Cerosa?
Definition

Advetitia: Dense connective tissue grading to loose. Anchors it.

 

Cerosa: Covered by a single layer of simple mesothelium. Helps two different surfaces glide over each other.

Term
What is the structure of a capillary?
Definition

Endothelial cells rolled into a tube and surrounded by basal lamina.

 

Attched by junctional complexes.

Term
What is a capillary shunt?
Definition
Atery gives blood directly to veins.
Term
What are the functions of blood capillaries?
Definition
  • Convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II: Mainly in lungs. Enhances arterial smooth muscle contraction. Reduce diameter of blood vessel. Increases blood pressure.
  • Inactivate bioactive compounds to modulate blood flow. (Bradykinin, Serotonin, Prostaglandins, Norepinephrine, Thrombin.)
  • Lypolysis: mobilize cholesterol & triglycerides for other cell functions.
  • Prevent thrombosis formation by not letting endothelium get damaged.
  • Capillary transport: exchange of nutrients, oxygen, & wastes between blood and tissue.
Term
What are Pericytes
Definition

also called Adventitial Cells

  • Cling to outer surface of capillary endothelium (scattered around)
  • Enclosed in endothelial basal lamina
  • Contract to reduce blood flow
  • Attenuate(shrink processes) to enhance permeability between tissue and lumen.
  • Functions as mesenchymal stem cells.
Term
What are the three types of blood capillaries?
Definition
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Discontinuous/Sinusiods
Term
Continuous Capillary
Definition
  • most common; (esp Nerve, Muscle)
  • Complete basil lamina(outside)
  • Continuous endothelial lining (inside)
  • Micropinocytotic vessels within endothelial lining regulate movement
Term
Fenestrated Capillaries
Definition
  • complete basal lamina (outside)
  • fenestrated endothelial lining (inside)
  • The pores may be open or covered by thin Diaphrams that limit the size of macromolecules.
Term
Discontinuous/Sinusoidal Capillaries
Definition
  • Incomplete basil lamina (outside)
  • Fenestrated endothelia lining (inside)
  • Sometimes lets cells through
  • Large openings
  • Liver, Bone Marrow, Endocrine glands, Spleen.
Term
What are the ways that Capillaries transport things.
Definition
  • Micropinocytosis(vesicles)
  • Diffusion: through fenestrae or whole in edothelium
  • Diapedesis: leukocytes pass from blood into tissue. Can happen through wholes in endothelium or intercellular junctions.
Term
Angiogenesis
Definition

New blood cell growing from a pre-existing one.

Term
Angiogenic Factors
Definition
  • Tissue Hypoxia: Not enough Oxygen so the vessels expand to try and increase surface area.
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
  • Fibroblasts Growth Factor (FGF's)
  • Interleikin-8 (IL-8)
Term
Antiangiogenic Factors
Definition

Potential approaches to stopping vascularation of tumors.

  • Thrombospondin
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
  • Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs)
Term

What are the different Artery sizes?

Definition
  • Large Elastic Arteries
  • Muscular(medium) Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Metarterioles
Term
Large Elastic Arteries. Location? Function?
Definition
  • Located at the Aorta
  • Very thick Media that is filled with elastin.
  • Responsible for Diastolic blood pressure. Must remain at a certain level or there will be problems.
Term
Muscular (Medium) Arteries. Characteristics?
Definition
  • The Tunica Media has a layer of internal and external Elactic Lamina. This cause it to look ruffled.
Term
Arterioles. characteristics?
Definition
  • Tunica Intima has some endothelial cells on it.
  • Tunica Media(smooth muscle area) is 1-5 layers thick.
Term
Metarterioles. Location? Structure? Function?
Definition
  • Located at the base of the capillary where it meets the shunt.
  • Some endothelial cells on the inside.
  • Has discontinuous layer of smooth muscle around it.
  • Regulates blood flow through capillary beds.
Term
Different sizes of Veins
Definition
  • Large
  • Medium/Small
  • Venules
Term
What is the thickest layer of veins?
Definition
Tunica Adventitia
Term

How does blood move through veins?

Definition

Skeletal muscle helps move it.

 

Valves stop it from going backwards.

Term
Where are large veins located?
Definition
Vena Cava
Term
Where do blood vessels get their own blood supply from?
Definition

Vasa vasorum: "vessels of the vessels". Vascular supply to vessel walls.

Term
Nerve supply to vessels
Definition

Vasomotor(sympathetic) fiber: Unmyelinated. Lead to smooth muscle contractions.

 

Sensory: can sense how much their being stretched. Myelinated in Adventitia.  Can lose myelin and penetrate Media and Intima as "free nerve endings".

Term
Edema
Definition
Increase in interstitial fluid of an organ.
Term
What are the characteristics of Lymphatic capillaries?
Definition
  • Blind-ending
  • Sinosoidal/Discontinuous
Term
Where is lymph collected and dropped off at?
Definition

Collected at capillary beds.

 

Droped off at right lyphatic duct and thoracic duct.

Term

Elephantiasis

Definition
  • Blockage of lymph flow by Lymphatic Filariasis
  • Filaria parasitic infection.
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