Term
| A general reduction of systemic erythrocytes is _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| RBC morphology has three general terms that refer to the sizes of cells. Those terms are? |
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Definition
| Normocytic, Macrocytic and Microcytic |
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Term
| When an RBC is called Hyperchromic, what is this describing? |
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Definition
| Excess hemoglobin content. Hypochromic would be too little, and normochromic would be just right |
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Term
| T/F: anemia would affect the cardio vascular system by increasing preload |
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Definition
| F: anemia can lead to hypoxemia which contributes to causing systemic arterial dilation leading to decreased vasc. resist. which effectively reduces afterload |
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Term
| A patient who is anemic, has reduced ______ capacity and by demonstrate _______ characterized by difficulty breathing |
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Definition
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Term
| Anemia can affect the nervous system. Myelin degeneration often occurs if this vitamin is deficient |
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Definition
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Term
Gastrointestinal signs of anemia include all of the following but:
1. Pain,
2. nausea,
3. vomiting,
4. esophagitis
5. None of the above |
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Definition
| 4. The anemia may also cause anorexia |
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Term
| What is a physiologic manifestation of anemia? |
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Definition
| Reduced O2 carrying capacity |
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Term
| T/F: symptoms of anemia can vary based on the individual's ability to compensate |
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Definition
| T. Also on the severity of the anemia |
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Term
A classic example of an symptom of anemia would be:
1. erythema,
2. edema,
3. petechiae,
4. Fatigue,
5. All of the above |
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Definition
| 4. Fatigue. Other classic signs would include weakness, dyspnea, pallor |
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Term
| T/F: Anemia never causes hypoxemia, just hypoxia |
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Definition
| F: it can manifest as hypoxemia leading to tissue hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced O2 levels in the blood |
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Term
| Normal Hgb levels are? Normal hematocrit levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| When assessing for anemia, when would a nurse expect to see S &S based on lab values? |
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Definition
| When the H & H are at about 1/2 normal values (individually) |
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Term
| What does Macrocytic-Normochromic mean when discussing anemia? |
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Definition
| Large cell with normal hemoglobin |
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Term
| Macrocytic-normochroic anemia is also called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| unusually large stem cells that result from defective RBC DNA synthesis. |
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Term
| What deficiencies result in macrocytic-normochromic anemia? (3) |
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Definition
| Vit B12, Folate, Coenzymes for nuclear maturation. |
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Term
| Megaloblasts have a greater chance of dying than normoblasts. This would result in fewer ___________ |
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Definition
| Reticulocytes (and subsequently, erythrocytes in circulation.) |
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Term
| What is a GI cause of Vit B12 deficiency? |
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Definition
| absence of Intrinsic Factor |
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Term
| The most common megaloblastic anemia is ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Pernicious anemia results from a __________ deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Intrinsic Factor is manufactured by symbiotic bacteria found in our large intestine |
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Definition
| F: It is manufactured by parietal cells in the stomach |
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Term
| Gastric bypass patients are susceptible to this type of anemia: |
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Definition
| pernicious anemia: part of GI tract has been removed from the "flow" |
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Term
| T/F: pernicious anemia demonstrates slow onset and can be seen w/ an Hgb of 11 |
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Definition
| F: IT IS A SLOW ONSET, but the Hgb would likely be 7-8g/dL |
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Term
| Nerve demyelination, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and weight loss would likely be seen in this anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: a vitamin B12 deficient person will need lifelong treatment with shots or high oral doses |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: pernicious anemia is more easy to detect in older people. |
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Definition
| F: it is subtle and the onset is slow, making it difficult to see in a population that has other age related issues present. |
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Term
| T/F: Folate/folic acid is important in our diet and requires intrinsic factor (IF) to be properly absorbed by the body |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Folic acid absorption occurs in the small intestine and depends on no other facilitating factor |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Folic acid requires daily oral does until levels are adequate, and does not normally need lifelong treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| Anemia w/ small RBC's with lower than normal Hgb content would be called? |
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Definition
| Microcytic-hypochromic anemia |
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Term
Microcytic hypochromic anemias are related to disorders in all of the following but:
1. iron metabolism,
2. porphyrin synthesis,
3. heme synthesis,
4. globulin synthesis.
5. none of the above |
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Definition
| 5. All the above can contribute to this anemia |
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Term
| Iron deficiency, sideroblastic, thalassemia: these are all types of ____________ anemia |
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Definition
| Microcytic-hypochromic anemia |
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Term
| The most common anemia world wide is? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: worldwide, limited dietary iron is the most common reason for anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia appear at what Hgb level? |
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Definition
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Term
Iron deficiency anemia that has progressed may manifest all but:
1. brittle, thin, nails,
2. coarsely ridged, spoon shaped nails,
3. a red, sore painful tongue,
4. painful hyphae in the joints
5. None of the above |
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Definition
| 4. unless you have iron loving fungus that are mad that you are depriving them. |
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Term
Which of the following groups of people are at increased risk of developing iron defic. anemia:
1. Pregnant,
2. Men,
3. Frequent MRI,
4. IV drug users.
5. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of anemia disorders characterized by not properly using Fe in the erythroblasts is? |
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Definition
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Term
| In sideroblastic anemia, one may see signs of iron overload, or ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: a patient w/ sideroblastic anemia has a genetic condition that causes them to excrete too much Fe and not absorb enough Fe |
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Definition
| F: it is genetic, but not from an absorption/excretion angle; body does not properly incorporate iron into Hgb. |
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Term
| Signs of iron overload, along with fatige, weakness, and hypoxia, may be indicative of? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Normocytic-Normochromic means cells have the more common types of anemias |
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Definition
| F: these anemias are less common |
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Term
| What are the normocytic-normochromic anemias? |
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Definition
| Aplastic, Post-hemorrhagic, Hemolytic, Sickle-cell, anemia of chronic inflammation. |
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Term
| T/F: a homozygous individual who is positive for sickle cell will have crisis episodes |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: a heterozygous individual who is positive for sickle cell will have crisis episodes |
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Definition
| F: these would be the carriers, but not manifest the disease. |
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Term
| In sickle cell anemia, the white blood cells stay/become ___________ in shape |
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Definition
| White blood cells remain "normal" shaped. Don't be fooled, Sickle cell is a disorder affecting RBC's that become that alter in shape, some looking like a mean sickle (in cross section) |
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Term
| Why do sickle cells cause problems for the patient? |
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Definition
| The cells don't bend properly and plug small vessels/capilaries. This leads to pain and ischemia, as well as organ dysfunction |
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Term
| T/F: Sickle cell patients are usually asyptomatic until Po2 drops in their system |
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Definition
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Term
Sickle cell carriers may have all of the following hemoglobins except:
1. HbA,
2. HbB,
3. HbC,
4. HbS,
5. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Producing too many RBC's can cause a patients difficulties, as do anemias |
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Definition
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Term
| Polycythemia is what type of anemia? |
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Definition
| It isn't an anemia. It is the production of too many RBCs |
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Term
| T/F: Relative polycythemia means it is inherited from the maternal genetic donor through mitochondrial DNA |
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Definition
| F: it is relative to hemoconcentration (blood concentration) and reflects dehydration. |
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Term
| T/F: the treatment for relative polycythemia is fluid replacement |
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Definition
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Term
Primary, absolute overproduction of RBCs is known as:
1. Polycythemia Vera,
2. Polycythemia gravida,
3. Megacythemia Vera,
4. Megacythemia Gravida,
5. None of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Clinical manifestations of Polycythemia Vera include all but:
1. light headed,
2. visual disturbances,
3. headaches,
4. enlarged liver and spleen,
5. none of the above |
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Definition
| 5. this question written deliberately tricky: All the item ARE manifestations of Poly-vera . . . a double negative question |
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