Term
| What is the difference between in Axis 1 or 2 disorders in the DSM which is organized by major symptoms not etiology? |
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Definition
| Clinical versus personality/retardation disorders |
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Term
| T or F: The risk period for toxin exposure to the fetus causing malformation is limited to the first trimester for both malformations and CNS development. |
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Definition
| False, CNS can be affected all the way into adulthood. |
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Term
| Abnormal closure of neural tube in weeks 3 or 4 leads to _________ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Embryogenesis of the brain requires massive proliferation of neural stem cells which occurs primarily in what region? |
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Definition
| Periventricular germinal zones |
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Term
| Name this embryo disorder - loss of white matter secondary to periventricular ischemia during weeks 26-36, premies at risk, loss of oilgo progenitor cells. |
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Definition
| Periventricular leukomalacia |
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Term
| Neuronal cell migration to form the cerebral cortex starts from the inside->out following migration cues from chems from months 2-8, but what do these neurons travel on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Radial glia turn into astrocytes in development, how does EtOH affect this process? |
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Definition
| It causes the premature changing into astrocytes preventing neuronal cell migration on the radial glia |
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Term
| Neuronal axonal growth and migration are achieved by growth cones mediated by chemical cues, in particular which part of the cone is affected? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F, Synaptogenesis begins in 1st trimester and continues through life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Neural Stem cells persist in periventricular regions of CNS thru life, but they also occur in what other region of the brain? |
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Definition
| Hippocampal dentate gyrus |
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Term
| Mood is what patient ________, affect is what you ___. ______ is the way they enunciate the words, _________ is accessing the words themselves. |
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Definition
| Reports, see, Speech, language. |
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Term
| ID which age group (birth to two yrs, preschool, school-age, adolescent) - Move from parallel to interactive play, Develop intelligible speech, Have a sense of gender identity, Learn to hold a crayon, Run and jump and skip |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ID which age group (birth to two yrs, preschool, school-age, adolescent) - Separation individuation, Sexual maturation, Develop life plans, Education towards a goal, Learn to drive and gain independence, Developing intimacy. |
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Definition
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Term
| ID the early motor milestones - Roll over (about __ months), Sit unsupported (about __months), Pulls self to stand ( about __ months), Pincer grasp (about __ months), Walk (__), Creep up stairs (about __ months). |
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Definition
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Term
| Is assessing children what is diff btw speech and language? |
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Definition
| Speech is mechanics of motor control dependent on hearing and sight, language is conceptual framework to organize words |
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Term
| ID the early language milestone - Cooing (~ __ months), Word like mama (~__ months), Speaks 3 to 4 words(~__ months), Speaks in sentences (~ __ yrs). |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F, Axonal circuit development is precisely determined and guided by a series of cues. |
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Definition
| F, circuit development is not precisely predetermined and incorporates mechanisms that are able to deal with targeting errors and with influences that derive from interactions with the environment. |
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Term
| Combinations of __________ ______ and _________- _________ during juvenile development allow interactions with the environment to sculpt neural systems in permanent or long lasting ways |
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Definition
| synaptic plasticity, regressive events (axonal pruning, apop) |
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Term
| Neuronal survival is determined by retrograde transport of _________ ______ produced by target cells. |
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Definition
| Trophic factor such as NGF |
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Term
| ____________ selectively activate Trk receptors and p75 signaling pathways. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F, Development of neuropil fills space between neurons with dendritic branches & synapses & support glia. |
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Definition
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Term
| As neural maturation increases in the brain which type of tissue increases and which decreases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visual system ocular dominance is initially overlapped and then segregated by light stimulating the retina, what happens if a neonate is not exposed to light in one eye during a critical period? |
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Definition
| The normal columns of cells are pruned for that eye are vision is impaired, not so in adults |
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Term
| T or F, Unused cortex in the blind can be colonized by neurons and used for memory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Autism is onset by 3, lifelong, 4:1male, more common than other childhood disorders, they can connect with but not read others well, but what abnormalities of language, behavior, and interestets do you see? |
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Definition
| Language - odd prosody, repetition, 3rd person; behavior - flap hands, walk toes, bang head; interests - compulsive routines |
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Term
| T or F, Autism spectrum disorders are heterogeneous and are shared by other disorders such as TS, Fragile X, PKU. |
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Definition
| T, some will develop epilepsy or intellectual disabilities |
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Term
| Name two criteria that Aspergers and Austism share in social interaction, and one in repetitive behavior. |
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Definition
| Social interaction - non-verbal impairment, not adequate relationships, lack of sharing of enjoyment, lack of emotional reciprocity; Repetitive - routines, abnormal intensity or focus, preoccupation with parts of objects |
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Term
| Name a few aspects of autism that are not seen in Aspergers. |
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Definition
| Delay in spoken language, repetitive use of language, lack of varied social play, inability to sustain conversation |
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Term
| Heritability of brain volume such as cerebral cortex, frontal lobe, corpus callosum, and caudate nucleaus are high. Heritability of cognition and behavior are significant so how does this affect autism. |
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Definition
| High heritability and monozygotic twin concordance rate |
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Term
| What is an endopheontype? |
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Definition
| The association of genetic factors with specific measureable components of each disease which is stronger than clinical diagnosis alone. |
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Term
| The language endopheontype CNTNAP2 is seen in what disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| The same region of CNTNAP2 associated with language delay in autism is even more significantly associated with Specific Language Impairment. Which SLI marker do autistic children do terribly at? |
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Definition
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Term
| ADHD is recognized as a combination of 3 behavior types, which ones? |
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Definition
| inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity |
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Term
| T or F, Most ADHD persists to adulthood. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the top 3 common comorbidities of ADHD? |
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Definition
| Oppositional defiant disorder, learning disabilities, conduct disorder. |
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Term
| What are the two environmental toxins that lead to ADHD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lobe is affected in brain maturation for ADHD and which development is delayed? |
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Definition
| Temporal lober, cortical maturation |
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Term
| Patient and Family Education, Psychosocial interventions, Meds are the treatment for ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Methylphenidates and amphetamines are ADHD meds that are stimulants, what are the non-stim meds and what is the main side effect? |
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Definition
| Atomoxetine, guanfacine (a2 agonist); cardio side effects |
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Term
| Describe the infant attachement classifications A, B, C, D. |
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Definition
| A - Avoidance - explores, disaffected, B (most common)- Secure, explores, cries when separate from parents, C- Ambivalent/resistant, extreme distress during separations, D - disorganized |
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Term
| Bowlby proposed that _______ ________ _______ are the mechanism that provides for continuity in attachment across the life span. Bowlby hypothesized that the child will develop a pretty clear set of expectations about the availability, responsiveness, and the sensitivity of their primary caregiver(s). |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of Reactive Attachment Disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does cognitive function change as a result of insecure, ambivalent, and disorganized infant attachemtn? |
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Definition
| Insecure -down attention and expressive scores, ambiv - lower cognitives score, disorganized - lower reasoning scores |
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Term
| T or F, Upwards of 35% of persons with AN develop binge eating within five years of onset of weight loss, more common in those with chronic family stress. |
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Definition
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Term
| To what extent are eating disorders genetic? |
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Definition
| High familial rate, MZ concordance rate |
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Term
| What are the pharma tx for anorexia and bulimia? |
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Definition
| None for anorexia, antidepressants are modest for bulimia; cognitive is better for both |
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Term
| __________ dopamine (DA) pathways play a central role in mediating rewarding effects of naturally rewarding stimuli in the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ neuromodulators stim appetite, ________ anorectic neuromod inhib app. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following stim or inhib appetite - GABA, leptin, insulin, ghrelin, orexin, glutamate? |
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Definition
| First 3 inhibi, last 3 stim |
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Term
| ________ regulates n. accumbens activity & human eating behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| NPY _________ appetite, aMSH _________ appetite. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypothalamic lesions in ventro-medial are cause _________, and dorso-lateral lesions cause _________. |
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Definition
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