Term
| Fungus, seen in OH river valleys and Africa, inhaled conidia, Ag variation, grows in McConkey, broad based budding yeast, uncommon in IC, CAUSES PULMONARY WITH DISSEMINATION TO ORGANS AND SKIN CAUSING ULCERATIVE LESION often mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungus, seen in SW US, central, south America, inhaled arthroconidia, MOST VIRULENT, can cause PULMONARY SYMPTOMS THEN PROGRESS TO SEVERE PULMON AND DISSEMINATION, allergies can form immune complexes causing rashes that could imitate other diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungus, seen in OH river valleys and Latin America, spores in mycelia phase from bird poop, yeast inclusions in macros, INFECTIONS ARE ASYMP BUT PULMONARY AND CAN DISSEMINATE IN IC, reactivation can cause mediastinal fibrosis and adenopathy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungus, seen in central and south America, inhaled spores, Pilot wheel yeasts, CAUSES PULMON AND MAY CAUSE NASAL ORAL OR SKIN LESIONS, may disseminate in IC with organomegaly and lymphadeno. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungus, seen worldwide, inhaled yeast cells near bird poop, NOT DIMORPHIC, opportunistic, neurotropic, “HEADLIGHT” sign with India ink, MOST COMMON CAUSE OF FUNGAL MENINGITIS. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungus, mold only, not dimorphic, septate hyphae 45 degree branch, opportunisitic, ALLERGIC AND LOWER BRONCHOPULMONARY WITH FUNGUS BALL, can be invasive, “Air Crescent” in CR, primarily in PMNs in macros, bad in IC and CGD patients, galactomannan assay. |
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Definition
| Aspergillus fumigatus, flavus (aflatoxin), niger |
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Term
| Fungus, opportunisitic, sporangiospores, non-septate hyphae, world-wide but rare, inhaled spores or contaminated wound, occurs in IC ONLY, CAUSES PULMON, SKIN, OR RHINOCEREBRAL INFECTION. |
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Definition
| Zygomycosis, including rhizopus, mucor, and absidia |
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Term
| Fungus, monomorphic yeast only, pseudohyphae, forms germ tubes at 37C, normally commensal on mucosa, common nosocomial, CAUSES SKIN PROBS LIKE DIAPER RASH, PARONYCHIA, ANGULAR CHEILITIS, THRUSH, VAG THRUSH, AND CAN DISSEMINATE IN SEVERE IC. |
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Definition
| Candida albicans forms the germ tubes, while dissemination more common with non-albicans. |
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Term
| Fungus, yeast or protozoan, infects IC, most common infection in AIDS, can use steroids to reduce inflammation, CAUSES PULMONARY INFLITRATES OF PLASMA CELLS WITH PNEUMONIA AND DRY COUGH. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amoeba, protozoa, ingestion of 4 nuclei cyst, forms 8 trophozoites, eat RBCs and bacteria, CAUSES DIARRHEA OR DYSENTERY, intestinal damage due to lysed PMNs cause flask shaped ulcer, trophozoite forms abscesses in the liver. |
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Definition
| Entamoeba histo detected by O and P |
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Term
| Flagellate, ingested, ingested 4 nuclei cyst, got from day care or streams, disease from “kite-like” trophozoite with 8 flagella and ventral sucker, CAUSES DIARRHEA THAT CAN BE FOUL SMELLY AND FLATULENCE. |
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Definition
| Giardia lamblia, use O and P |
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Term
| Flagellate, ingested, protozoa, STD, only trophozoite no cyst, no reservoir, pathology from contacted cytotoxicity, urethra/vagina in women, prostate and sv in men, CAUSES INTENSE INFECTION WHERE IT RESIDES WITH RISK OF INFERTILITY. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flagellate, bloode borne vector, intracellular disease of macros, via sandfly, bite gives promastigote becomes infective amastigote, CAUSES ULCERATIVE LESIONS AT SITE OF BITE AND CAN SPREAD TO RETICULOENDOTHELIAL CAUSING PANCYTO IMMUNE SUPPRESSION, subtypes can cause mucocutaneous, visceral KALA-AZAR, or simple cutaneous lesions. |
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Definition
| Leishmania brazil gives mucocutaneous, while donovani gives visceral involvement of liver and spleen called kala-azar with a post-disease dermal depigmentation |
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Term
| Parasite, flagellate, blood borne, via tse-tse fly, bite gives S-shaped trypomastigotes, antigenic variation of VSG evades immune system, CAUSES RELAPSING FEVER, CERVICAL LYMPHADENO, chronic disease has amastigotes, CAUSES LETHARGY AND PERSONALITY CHANGES. |
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Definition
| Trypanosome Gambia in west or rhodan in east Africa |
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Term
| Parasite, flagellate, blood borne, transmission via reduviid bug feces into wound or eyes, seen in Americas, C-shaped trypomastigotes live in macros, ACUTELY CAUSES FEVER, MALAISE, LYMPHADENO, amastigotes lives in tissue, CHRONIC CAUSE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, MEGACOLON, MEGAESOPHAGUS. |
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Definition
| Trypanosome cruzi, chagas disease |
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Term
| Apicomplexa, aka coccidia, acid fast, intracellular replication by schizogony, ingest oocyst, trophozoites (containing merozoites) infect brush border cells of GI, CAUSE MILD DIARRHEA BUT SEVERE IN IC. |
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Definition
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, variable acid fast and UV fluroescence, ingest oocyst via food or berries, trophozoite replicates in vacuoles of GI, CAUSES NAUSEA AND DIARRHEA. |
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Definition
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, via oocytes in cats or meat with bradyzoites, tachyzoite establishes tissue cyst, transplacental infection major problem, CAUSES FEVER, CHILLS, LYMPHADENO, LEADING TO ENCEPHALITIS WITH MULTIFOCAL LESIONS IN PROGRESSED OR REACTIVATED DISEASE. |
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Definition
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, via female mosquito bite, sporozoites go to liver for one 8-24 day cycle, liver cells rupture merozoites, bind RBC where ring->gametocyte->schizont, some merozoites turn male or female and go back to mosquito, CAUSES TERTIAN CYCLIC CHILLS, FEVER, NIGHTSWEATS, with latency in liver, targets old RBCs, has Schuffner dots. |
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Definition
| Plasmodium vivax or ovale |
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, via female mosquito bite, sporozoites go to liver for one 8-24 day cycle, liver cells rupture merozoites, bind RBC where ring->gametocyte->schizont, some merozoites turn male or female and go back to mosquito, CAUSES quartan CYCLIC CHILLS, FEVER, NIGHTSWEATS, targets old RBCs, band stage trophozoite. |
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Definition
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, via female mosquito bite, sporozoites go to liver for one 8-24 day cycle, liver cells rupture merozoites, bind RBC where ring-> CRESCENT gametocyte->schizont, CAUSES MALIGNANT TERTIAN CYCLIC CHILLS, FEVER, NIGHTSWEATS, targets all RBCs, can CAUSE SEVERE NVD, hemolytic anemia, sticky cells with electron dense knobs, RENAL FAILURE, cerebral. |
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Definition
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Term
| Apicomplexa, intracellular, via tick, infect RBCs, tetrad form in blood, CAUSES HEADACHE, FEVER, CHILLS, WITHOUT CYCLE WHICH LEADS TO ANEMIA AND RENAL FAILURE. |
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Definition
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Term
| Round worm, pinworm, ingest eggs at day care or schools, larvae in small intest move to large intest to mature, female eggs in perianal skin CAUSE PRURITIS, scotch tape test, eggs in O&P. |
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Definition
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Term
| Round worm, pink worms, 25-30cm, most common worm parasite, eat eggs that enter duodenum to lungs where coughed and swallowed, mature and mate in intestine, cause GI INFECITON, can cause GI obstruction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Round worm, hookworm, direct penetration of skin by larvae, migrate to lung, cough and swallowed, mature and release eggs, CAUSE PNEUMONITIS while in lung, CAUSE NVD AND ANEMIA BECAUSE THEY SUCK BLOOD FROM GI MUCOSA. |
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Definition
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Term
| Round worms, hookworms, larvae penetrate skin then lung and cough and swallowed, eggs can mature in intestine causing long term autoinfection, larvae can replicate in environment without peeps, CAUSE NVD AND ANEMIA, hyperinfection syndrome in ICs in multiple organs and can have secondary infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| Round worm, ingest pork meat with encysted larvae, mature in small intest, larvae migrate to eye, tongue, muscles, many patients ASYMPTOMATIC, high larvae CAUSE FEVER, GI, MYOCARDITIS, ENCEPHALITIS. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flatworm, trematode fluke, snail is host, water based cercaria penetrate intact skin, swimmers itch, worms have human antigen, one species goes to mesenteric veins other to uterine plexus, eggs cause immune reaction of PMNs, chronic inflammation CAUSES HEPATOSPLENO AND ASCITES FROM IMMUNE RXN IN LIVER, INTESTINE, BLADDER. |
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Definition
| SCHistosoma mansoni and japonica (mesenteric), haematobium in uterine plexus. |
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Term
| Flatworms, tapeworms, hermaphrodite, proglottids into strobila, ingest larvae in pork CAUSE MINIMAL SYMPTOMS, scolex with 4 suckers attach to intestine, ingest eggs from pork hatch in GI and SPREAD TO CYSTS IN BRAIN AND EYES, CAUSES HYDROCEPHALUS, MENIN, SEIZURES, VISUAL DEFECTS. |
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Definition
| TAenia solium, cysticercosis; note Taenia saginata comes from beef and has no cysticercosis phase |
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