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Block 3 Path Exam 4
Dr. Hill
50
Pathology
Graduate
03/19/2012

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Cards

Term
tunica fibrosa
Definition
outermost tunic composed of the cornea (anterior 1/6) and the sclera (posterior 5/6)
Term
cornea
Definition
primary focusing medium of the eye
Term
most superficial layer of cornea
Definition
thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. contains many free nerve endings (painful when damaged). high rate of cell division (capable of repair).
Term
bowman's membrane
Definition
thick basement membrane of cornea composed of ground substance and reticular fibers
Term
stroma
Definition
core of cornea. responsible for 90% of thickness. many layers of collagen bundles. fibers parallel in each layer alternating layers turned 90degrees. fibroblasts between layers
Term
Descemet's membrane
Definition
thick atypical basement membrane containing elastin and granulated collagen fibers
Term
limbus
Definition
junction between the cornea and sclera
Term
corneal endothelium
Definition
simple squamous epithelium lining the cornea's internal surface
Term
sclera
Definition
opaque fibrous connective tissue that covers the eye's posterior 5/6. provides insertio points for the 6 extraocular muscles
Term
tunica vasculosa or uvea
Definition
middle tunic of the eye composed of three major components: choroid, ciliary body, and iris
Term
choroid
Definition
highly vascularized connective tissue layer. provides blood supply to retinal cells
Term
ciliary body
Definition
ring like triangular thickening at the level of the lens
Term
ciliary processes
Definition
irregular epithelium-covered connective tissue outgrowths of the ciliary body extending towards the lens
Term
ligaments of Zinn
Definition
suspensory ligaments that originate on ciliary processes
Term
cuboidal epithelium lining of ciliary processes
Definition
stratified: basal cells highly pigmented and continuous with pigment of retina. lumenal cells produce aqueous humor
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
structural filler plus nutritional medium for both anterior and posterior chamber
Term
ciliary muscles
Definition
groups of smooth muscle bundles near the juction of the ciliary body and sclera. change the shape of the lens to accomodate for near or far vision
Term
iris
Definition
controls amount of light reaching the retina and gives the eye its color
Term
anterior surface of iris
Definition
lined with connective tissue. endothelial cells lost during early childhood
Term
stroma of iris
Definition
consists of highly vascularized connective tissue. abundant fibroblasts and melanocytes.
Term
dilator pupillae muscle
Definition
pigmented and non-pigmented myoepithelial cells arranged in radial pattern. under sympathetic control.
Term
constrictor pupillae
Definition
circular band of smooth muscle. under parasympathetic control.
Term
posterior surface of iris
Definition
lined with highly pigmented cells
Term
canal of Schlemm
Definition
located and junction of iris and cornea. drains excess aqueous humor into venous sinuses. fluid percolates across corneal endothelium plus endothelial lining
Term
tunica interna or retina
Definition
photosensitive portion of the eye
Term
pigmented epithelium
Definition
melanin-rich simple cuboidal epithelium. pigment absorbs photons not absorbed by photoreceptors. have apical microvilli. Bruch's membrane.
Term
Bruch's membrane
Definition
elastin rich basement membrane that separates pigmented epithelium from choroid
Term
neural retina
Definition
three layers of cells give rise to nine distinguishable layers
Term
photoreceptors
Definition
rods and cones. composed a cell body, inner segment and outer segment.
Term
Muller cells
Definition
surround photoreceptors
Term
outer segment
Definition
contains stacks of flat vesicles that contain light sensitive visual pigments. cradled in microvilli of pigmented epithelium. senescent photoreceptor vesicles phagocytized by pigmented epithelia
Term
middle nuclear layer of retina
Definition
bipolar cells, minor horizantal cells, amacrine cells. interneurons between photoreceptors and ganglion cells
Term
ganglion cells
Definition
unipolar neurons that form innermost layer of nuclei. axons travel on innermost surface, eventually exiting the eye as the optic nerve.
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
conical depression in retina that lies opposite the center of the lens. highest concentratio of cones. region with greatest visual acuity.
Term
macula lutea
Definition
small yellowish disk of fovea visible during opthalmic inspection
Term
optic disk
Definition
site where ganglion cells axons exit the eye as the optic nerve. where axons become myelinated. no photoreceptors (anatomical blindspot). retinal blood vessels entter and leave.
Term
optic nerve
Definition
developed as outgrowth of forebrain. enveloped by meninges.
Term
vitreous body
Definition
composed primarily of water and hyaluronic acid. fibirls around periphery form its capsule. macrophages and fibrocytes sporadically found.
Term
hyaloid canal
Definition
developmental remnant of the hyaloid artery that extended from the optic disk through the vitreous to the lens
Term
lens
Definition
elastic, biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina. nourished by aqueous humor as it is avascular with no nerves
Term
lens capsule
Definition
elastic and transport basal lamina. prevents penetration by wandering cells
Term
subcapsular epithelium
Definition
low cuvoidal to columnar near equator of lens
Term
lens fibers
Definition
long, narrow, hexagonal, anuclear, specialized epithelial cells that make up the bulk of the lens. each one stretches across entire anterior/posterior length of lens. adjacent cell membranes fused by a variety of plasma membrane specializations including juctional complexes and ridge like processes. filled with crystallins. undifferentiated remain at periphery. give rise to new throughout lifetime.
Term
bulbar conjuctiva
Definition
covers the exposed part of the sclera. epithelium varies from stratified squamous to stratified cuboidal, both with abundant goblet cells with underlying connective tissue. reflects back to cover inside of eyelids.
Term
palpebrae
Definition
covered by skin anteriorly and conjuctiva posteriorly. contain voluntary skeletal muscle, glands, connective tissue
Term
tarsus
Definition
dense connective tissue core that provides flexible support and harbors glands
Term
Meiomian glands
Definition
modified sebaceous glands for lubrication
Term
glands of Zeiss
Definition
sebaceous glands of eyelashes
Term
lacrima gland
Definition
tear-secreting compound tubuloalveolar glands located superiolaterally in bony orbits
Term
secretory acini
Definition
darkly staining. secretes lysozyme
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