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Block 1: Unit 1
Introduction to Course & Research Principles
19
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Undergraduate 4
09/20/2016

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Term
a nexus between neuron & neuron
Definition
the synapse as viewed by a physiologist
Term
Are synapses really big or really small?
Definition
really small
Term
Sir Charles Sherrington
Definition
first man to really study synapses
Term
What experiment led to the theory of "animal electricity"?
Definition
if you connect an iron rod from spinal cord to a muscle in the leg, the frog would kick
Term
reticulum theory
Definition
theory that all neurons are connected to each other (contiguous) kind of like a web
Term
the Golgi stain
Definition
if you put silver nitrate on brain tissue, it will enter neurons & fill them to look black
Term
Golgi
Definition
base on his visual, Golgi thought that the reticulum theory was right
Term
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
Definition
drew/traced cells using the same technique as Golgi; his theory: neurons are discrete entities
Term
advantage of sea slugs to study synapse (specifically, neuronal plasticity)
Definition
from animal to animal, cells are exactly the same
Term
advantage of frog neuromuscular junction (NMJ) for research
Definition
large synapse, easy to isolate from the frog for experimentation
Term
advantage of squid giant axon for research
Definition
really large (500 microns) & has a huge diameter because it mediates an escape response in the squid to swim away very fast
Term
assumption made when using model systems
Definition
the system in which you're studying something holds true across various instances
Term
Otto Lowi (Loewi) 1921 experiment (1936 Nobel Prize)
Definition
proof that chemical neurotransmission can occur; researching how heart rate was controlled
Term
Sir John Eccles vs. Sir Bernard Katz
Definition
Eccles: still maintained that synapses work electrical

Katz: believed in chemical
Term
confounding variable
Definition
something that could explain correlation because it causes each of the two correlating variables
Term
Controlled experiments try to eliminated ______ variables
Definition
confounding
Term
sufficiency
Definition
need to make sure something is sufficient to cause something else to happen
Term
necessity
Definition
need to prove that something is necessary to cause something else to happen
Term
Neurons are about _____ microns at their maximum diameter
Definition
10-40
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