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Definition
| Procedure whereby severe disease is prevented by prior exposure to the infectious agent in a form that cannot cause disease. |
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Definition
| Pathogens that can colonize the human body for to no ill effect for much of the time but cause illness if the body's defences are weakened or if the microbe gets into the wrong place. |
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Definition
| Defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by epithelial cells that kill bacteria, fungi and envelop viruses by perturbing their membranes. |
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| What is lysozyme and where is it contained? |
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Definition
| Tears and saliva contain lysozyme, an enzyme that kills bacteria by degrading their cell walls. |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the innate immune response? |
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Definition
1) Recognition that a pathogen is present
2) Recruitment of destructive effector mechanisms that kill and eliminate the pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of innate immunity. Serum proteins that help effector cells by marking pathogens with molecular flags and attack pathogens in their own right. |
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Term
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Definition
Soluble proteins released by cells (say after a cut) that interact with other cells in order to trigger an innate immune response.
1) Cytokines cause vasodilation which introduces gaps between cells of the endothelium, making it permeable and increasing leakage of plasma into connective tissue, causing edema.
2) Cytokines also make vascular endothelium more adhesive so white blood cells can attach to it and move from blood into inflammed tissue. |
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