Term
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Definition
| bleeding from an artery, which is characterized by bright red blood and as rapid, profuse, and difficult to control. spurting blood |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by slow, oozing flow of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| shock, or lack of perfusion, brought on not by blood loss, but bu inadequate pumping action of the heart. it is often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the bod can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident. |
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Term
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Definition
| inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the bodys cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| shock resulting from blood loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to vital organs. even if adequate vital signs return, the patient my die days later due to organ failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dialation of blood vessels that increase the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled. |
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Term
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Definition
| the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage to apply pressure to help control bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the bodys cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. a life threatening condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| a device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and for the extremity |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding from a vein, which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and as a steady flow, easy to control. |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding internal or external |
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Term
| methods of emergency care of external bleeding |
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Definition
1.Direct pressure
-BSI
-use a sterile dressing
-pressure bandage
-you may only remove a dressing once it is placed and the bleeding does not stop
-id bleeding continues add more dressings
-after bleeding has stopped maintain pressure with a bandage
2. Elevation
-gravity is our friend
-do not elevate a broken extremity.
-if there is no blood there to bleed, it wont bleed.
3. pressure points
-brachial and femoral
4. splinting.
-bleeding is associated with broken bones
-broken bones cut muscles and other tissues.
5. air splints.
6. MAST-PASG
7. oxygen
8. tourniquet
-only use if necessary.
-if used always use a wide flat material.
-never loosen a tourniquet
-never cover a tourniquet
-write TK in a visible area.
9. IV of NS or LRS palpate to b/p of 90 systolic |
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Term
| steps in emergency care of signs and symptoms of internal bleeding |
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Definition
1. maintain the ABC's and provide support as needed.
2. administer high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask, if oxygen administration has not already begun.
3. control any external bleeding. If you suspect internal bleeding in an injured extremity, apply an appropriate splint.
4. provide prompt transport to an appropriate medical facility. |
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Term
| treating hypovolemia shock |
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Definition
"the goal is to decrease the body's demand for oxygen and to increase the supply of oxygen"
-keep the patient still
-maintain an open airway
-restore breathing and circulation as necessary
-control bleeding
-administer high concentration oxygen.
-splint fractures as necessary
-prevent loss of body heat.
-do not give anything to eat or drink
-loosen all restrictive clothing.
-elevate legs
-IV of NS or LRS to titrate to BP |
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Term
| how much blood and how much has to be lost for shock to occur |
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Definition
average adult has 6 liters of blood, the loss of 10%=shock
child has 3 liters of blood, the loss of 200-300 mL= shock
infant has 200-300 mL of blood, the loss of less that 30 mL=shock |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
--3 step process
-Vascular phase
=vasoconstriction
-platelet phase
=tunica intima damaged
*turbulant blood flow
*frictional damage to
platelets.
-coagulation phase
=release of enzymes
*fibrin release.
-normal coagulation=7 to 10 min
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Term
| factors that affect clotting |
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Definition
-movement of the wound site
-aggressive fluid therapy
-low body temperature
-medications that thin blood |
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Term
| signs of internal bleeding |
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Definition
-signs of shock that are unexplainable.
-fractures
-mechanism
-ecchymossis- bruising
-hematomas
-hemoptysis- vomitting blood
-esophageal varices
-blood coming out of other orifices
-tenderness.
-injuries to the surface of the body, which could indicate underlying injuries.
-bruising, swelling or pain over vital organs.
-painful, swollen or deformed extremities.
-a tender, rigid or distended abdomen.
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Term
| when should you consider bleeding serious? |
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Definition
-the patient has poor general appearance.
-associated with a significant mechanism.
-assessment reveals signs and symptoms of shock.
-you note a significant amount of blood loss.
-you cannot control the bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
nosebleeds=epistaxis
1. BSI
2. lean forward with the head tilted forward.
3. pinch the fleshy part of the nostrils together for at least 15 seconds(preferred)
-place a 4x4 under the upper lip
-apply ice over the nose
4. Keep the patient calm and quiet. |
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Term
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Definition
-compensated shock- the patient may have an altered LOC, anxiety or restlessness, pale clammy and cool skin, rapid, thready and weak pulse, increased breathing rate, nausea and vomiting, thirst, pallor with cyanosis about the lips and an impending sense of doom.
-decompensated shock
the patient may present all the signs of compensated shock plus a falling BP systolic of 90 or lower, labored irregular breathing, ashen mottled or cyanotic skin, thready or absent peripheral pulses, dull eyes, dilated pupils, no urine output, and low LOC
-irreversible shock
this is a terminal stage. any treatment at this point will not save the patient. There respiratory rate is dropping, low to no LOC. patients may "recover" but it is temporary this is the body's last attempt at homeostasis. |
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Term
| treating cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
-there is usually only chest pain associated with this type of shock.
-normal treatments may be harmful.
-if chest pain->nitro, ASA
-high flow 02
-IV of NS TKO
-calm reassurance. |
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Term
| Treating neurogenic shock |
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Definition
-supportive methods
-immobilization
-high flow 02
-airway management
-conserve body heat
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Term
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Definition
-secure airway
-appropriate oxygen
-assist in ventilations if necessary
-determine illness
-IV of NS TKO
-Transport. |
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Term
| treating anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
-supply respiratory rate
-assist in ventilations as necessary
-determine cause
-administration of epinephrine
-administer 02
-transport
-IV of NS TKO |
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Term
| treating psychogenic shock |
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Definition
-determine the duration of unconsciousness
-record V/S and mental status
-suspect head injury if the patient id confused or slow to regain consciousness.
-transport |
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Term
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Definition
-administer 02 en route
-transport
-airway management and ventilation support
-keep warm
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lactated ringers solution
you administer this to patients with blood loss. |
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Term
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Definition
normal saline solution
used to replace plasma. |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
associated with the autonomic nervous system.
-releases catecholamines
-promotes a "fight or flight" response.
-diverts blood flow away from the GI and skin via vasoconstriction.
-blood flow to skeletal muscles, the lung is not only maintained but enhanced by as much as 1200%
-dilates the bronchioles, which allows for greater alveolar oxygen exchange.
-increases heart rate.
-dilates pupils and relaxes lens allowing more light to enter the eyes. |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
associated with the autonomic nervous system.
-rest and digest.
-dilates blood vessels
-constricts bronchiolar diameter with the need for oxygen has diminished.
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