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Black Popular Culture
Midterm Exam notes
63
Other
Undergraduate 3
10/10/2011

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Term
Culture - Raymond Williams
Definition
Culture constitutes a whole way of life.
Term
Culture - Whaley
Definition
Culture is learned and patterned behavior (e.g. norms, values, and ideals) which becomes a systematic way of construing reality that people often acquire as a consequence of living in groups.
Term
Culture - Jay Mechling
Definition
Culture is the particular social and cultural practices of groups, which enables them to act as if they understood one another.
Term
Culture - Clifford Geertz
Definition
Culture is patterned behavior and customs; it is extrinsic sources of information, which are not biological, and act as blue prints or information sources.
Term
Pop culture - Whaley
Definition
A wide-range of culture forms, practices, and products widely disseminated in society that are inflected with a multiplicity of meanings by its consumers and producers in everyday life.
Term
Pop culture - Dwight MacDonald
Definition
Commodities (artifacts meant for exchange and consumption) created for entertainment, pitched at and consumed by the masses, and created by the dominant elite.
Term
Commodity
Definition
Artifacts bought and sold in market economy
Term
Commodity fetishism
Definition
An irrational regard for a popular commodity where use value and exchange value become indistinguishable. (Frankfurt School)
Term
Frankfurt School
Definition
Self-avowed left intellectuals, fled Nazi Germany, founded New School for Social Research, influenced by Marx, believed mass culture was dangers to society bc of homogenizing effects
Term
False Consciousness
Definition
Citizens falsely assume they're able to compete in free market economy/society as autonomous citizens. Capitalism encourages citizens to believe that competition is open and fair and class stratification is individualized and not "social-structural." (Frankfurt School)
Term
Ideology
Definition
The ideas of the ruling class, which are the dominant force in society. (Frankfurt School)
Term
The "New" Cultural/American Studies Approach
Definition
Gramsci, Fiske, and Hall
Term
Hegemony
Definition
Process wherein group gains consent from constituents to determine cultural, political, and ideological character of the state. (Cultural studies)
Term
Counter Hegemony
Definition
Constituents ally to form a new set of relationships — a counter power bloc to the dominant. (cultural studies)
Term
Reception theory
Definition
Three ways consumers decode and encode popular culture: dominant, negotiated, opposition
Term
Culture of Everyday Life
Definition
loci of where culture is at, thus the loci of where transformation and consciousness might be constituted. You can only know a culture and how to intervene in a culture by learning and appreciating the practices and contours of everyday life
Term
Reception theory - Dominant
Definition
Consumers accept underlying ideologies of pop culture or do not recognize them as problematic (Hall)
Term
Reception theory: Negotiate
Definition
Consumers reconcile problematic/disturbing elements of pop culture with own belief systems.
Term
Reception Theory: Oppositional
Definition
Consumers oppose and protest the ideology behind popular amusements that are antiethical to their belief systems (Hall)
Term
High/Elite culture
Definition
High culture is aesthetically superior to mass culture. (MacDonald)
Term
Mass Culture
Definition
Consists of movies, radio, TV broadcasting, comic books, and detective stories. It's parasitic - takes from high and folk culture and homogenizes it into something in between. Contaminates purity of high/folk art. Infantilizes adults, prematurely matures kids. (MacDonald)
Term
Kitsch
Definition
Mass culture is kitsch, the german word for mass culture. "Lords of Kitsch" produce mass culture and are opportunist businessmen interested in profit only. (MacDonald)
Term
Power Bloc
Definition
An association of groups, especially nations, having a common interest and acting as a single political force. (Hall)
Term
Encoding/Decoding
Definition
There is a 'lack of fit' Hall argues 'between the two sides in the communicative exchange.' That is, between the moment of the production of the message ('encoding') and the moment of its reception ('decoding').[10]
Term
Containment/Resistance
Definition
Double-stake in popular culture, the double movement of containment and resistance, which is always inevitably inside of it. The study of pop culture tends to oscillate wildly between those two poles (Hall)
Term
South/West African dance
Definition
South African gumboot dance: sounds created with hands and feet. Performance, mulitple meter, apart playing and dancing, call and response, songs of allusion and dances of derision
Term
Aesthetics of Stepping
Definition
Heavy/buoyant steps, swaying motions, syncopated, intricate hamboning. Wooden canes, drum beats, rythmic chant repeated during steps. Saluting, cracking (makes fun of other group) and freaking.
Term
Cultural capital
Definition
Some of the formal aspects of fandom operate as a cultural economy, as a system in which the readers can invest and accumulate cultural capital and which effects textual understanding (Brown)
Term
Iconography
Definition
visual images that represent cultural symbols in a multiplicity of ways (i.e., there is no one essential referent)
Term
Minstelsy
Definition
The songs, dances, skits, and stagecraft of the 19th century American blackface minstrel show.
Term
Race records
Definition
78 rpm phonograph records marketed to blacks during 1920s and 1930s. contained African American musical genres including blues, jazz, and gospel music, comedy. The majority of commercial recordings of African American artists in the US (very few African American artists were marketed to the "general audience").
Term
Cultural movement Harlem Renaissance
Definition
Originally called New Negro Movement, a literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920s and 1930s.
Term
Social relations that shaped animation
Definition
Nativism, ethnocentrism, immigrant experiences and realities, ethnic animators focused on assimilation, host group animators on exacerbate descriptions of difference
Term
Anthropomorphic images
Definition
Attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena. (Tom and Jerry, Bugs Bunny, etc.)
Term
Influence of sound on Animation
Definition
Difficulty synching voice with movement, voices solidified equation between characters and ethnic groups, some reviewers disappointed with lack of black dialect, sound made carefree slave life seem more real, rewrote history with false depiction
Term
Blackton
Definition
Trick film method (start, stop, change, start again method to replicate movement) Cartoonist and performance background
Term
Bray and Hurd
Definition
Celluloid animation, transparent paper used and multiple images made in parts where each part makes a movement. Layer of images creates movement
Term
Gender/Regional differences in animation
Definition
Black females used as domestics, male character asexual or sexual brutes, white females sexualized. Regional: Southern char. subservient, northern characters dangerous, independent, perhaps speaking to fear of Black ascension
Term
Christopher Lehman
Definition
The Colored Cartoon
Term
Jefferey Brown
Definition
Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics, and their Fans
Term
Mark Anthony Neal
Definition
Songs in the Key of Black Life
Term
Comics
Definition
: The vessel of images and text in a deliberate, sequential form (read from left to right). Therefore, comics are often referred to as sequential art.
Term
Comic Strip
Definition
A comic strip is an open ended dramatic narrative about a recurring set of characters, told in a series of drawings, often including dialogue in balloons and a narrative text.
Term
Comic book
Definition
A comic book is on ongoing serial of sequential art, also told through drawings, but read from left to right, down, then left to right across the page.
Term
Serial
Definition
: a series or stories that are interlinked
Term
Gag
Definition
only one episode
Term
Graphic novel
Definition
comic books with adult or mature audience in mind
Term
Anime
Definition
popular term used to represent animation and/or a particular form of animation motion, for example, Japanese-produced animation.
Term
Icon
Definition
an image used to represent a person, place, thing or idea. In comics, icons are used to provide quick reference points for readers.
Term
Black Aesthetic
Definition
what constitutes or makes something particularly representative of Black experiences and cultures.
Term
Parasocial
Definition
: in the context of comic book fandom, Brown uses this term to represent the social or interrelationship between consumers and the art.
Term
Tripartite
Definition
three way model of analyzing popular culture (producer, consumer, art).
Term
Extratextual
Definition
in the context of comic book fandom, Brown uses this term to represent information outside of the text; subgroup knowledge about the comic books is produced by fans.
Term
Newblackness
Definition
blackness defined by radical fluidity that allows powerful existential "conversations" within blackness across genders, sexualities, ethnicities, generations, socioeconomic positions, and socially constructed performances of black identity
Term
Clear Channel
Definition
company owns more than 1200 stations. Biggest offender of being a radio conglomerate, merging with almost 70 different media companies. Homogenized
Term
Digitized hegemony
Definition
Clear Channel's power
Term
Chitlin' circuit
Definition
The "Chitlin' Circuit" was the collective name given to the string of performance venues throughout the eastern and southern United States that were safe and acceptable for African-American musicians, comedians, and other entertainers to perform during the age of racial segregation in the United States (from at least the early 19th century through the 1960s).
Term
Habermas
Definition
According to Habermas, a variety of factors resulted in the eventual decay of the public sphere, including the growth of a commercial mass media, which turned the critical public into a passive consumer public; and the welfare state, which merged the state with society so thoroughly that the public sphere was squeezed out.
Term
Marxq
Definition
Commodity fetishism provides an example of what Engels called "false consciousness",[130] which relates closely to the understanding of ideology.
Term
Dwight MacDonald
Definition
A Theory of Mass Culture
Term
Cyber-jockeying
Definition
Jockey records his show for use in stations in dozens of cities
Term
black counter public
Definition
rise of a black counterpublic in the nineteenth century made the development of distinctive currents of black political thought possible.
Term
double consciousness
Definition
describe an individual whose identity is divided into several facets
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