Term
| What are the seven components of a computer network? |
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Definition
Computers (server)
Networking Hardware
Media
Communications software
Protocols
Providers
Applications |
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Term
| Network Term: Networking hardware |
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Definition
Physical devices that control the flow of electromagnetic signals over network media
I.E. Network Interface Card |
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Term
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Definition
| Intervening substance through which something else is transmitted I.E. Twisted Pair |
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Term
| Network Term: Communications software |
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Definition
| Program that control the transfer of data over a network I.E. Novell |
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Term
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Definition
| Allowed and expected sequence of message and their format I.E. Ethernet |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside companies that own pieces of the network I.E. AT&T |
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Term
| Network Term: Applications |
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Definition
| The reason we care about networks I.E. MS OUTLOOK |
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Term
| What's the difference between a router and a switch/ Which one creates a LAN? Which one connects Networks? |
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Definition
Switch:
Controls traffic on a network/"Smarter" than a hub- Creates LAN
Router:
Routes traffic between Networks
Connects Networks |
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Term
| How are latency and bandwidth different measures for describing the speed of communication media |
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Definition
Bandwith:
The total number of bits that move from point A to point B in a given time interval
Latency:
Communication lag the time taken for a packet of data to be sent by an application, travel and be received by another application. |
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Term
| What are a couple of examples of wired and wireless media? What is the relative speed of these? |
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Definition
Wired:
Twisted Pair - <10 Mbps
Coaxial cable- <200 Mbps
Wireless:
WiFi- 11-200 Mbps |
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Term
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Definition
| Local Area Network - network where computers are within a single department or building |
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Term
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Definition
| Wide area Network- a network that covers several buildings or cities (Ex. Internet) |
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Term
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Definition
Web- a collection of documents and applications accessible via the Http protocol
Internet- Host the web along with: voice over IP, Chat, Streaming audio or video, File Sharing |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharing documents over the Internet |
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Term
| What does an IP address look like? How does it relate to URL? |
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Definition
State(3).City(3).Street(3).House(2)
URL is IP converted to human frinedly names by DNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Human friendly name of Internet servers |
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Term
| What does a domain name server (DNS) do? |
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Definition
Maintains table of domain names and related IP addresses
Converts domain names to IP addresses |
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Term
Label and point out the parts of a URL
Http://www.umich.edu/~regoff/index.html |
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Definition
Http- protocol
Edu- Top level domain
www.umich - Sub Domain
~regoff- directory
INdex.html - file |
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Term
| Who own and controls the internet |
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Definition
Nobody owns the internet
It's defined by it's protocols |
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Term
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Definition
Computer a person interacts with
Typically used for data entry process |
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Term
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Definition
Not visible to user
Usually works on large processing tasks |
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Term
| What's the benefit of client/server computing versus single tier computing? |
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Definition
| Can access large uniform database, you can retrieve and store work from self and others |
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Term
| Provide an example of client/server computing. Describe how a Web site serves as an example of client/server computing |
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Definition
| Wolverine Access backpack/registration |
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Term
| Describe how cookies get put on your machine. What is their purpose? Who can put them there? Who can access the (remotely)? |
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Definition
| They are sent by a server to a web browser, to record specific info aobut a user and sent back each time you visit. The server can access them when you visit? |
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Term
| What are the two different types of software? |
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Definition
Applications Software- Satisfies a specific user need
System Software
Control Programs-The OS- Provide a common function that application software needs
Support programs- utilities- tools and administrator uses to control a system |
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Term
| Why do you have an OS? Purpose? Why do we care what type we have? |
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Definition
It provides common functions that application software needs. It Also
Manage Resources
File management
Monitor performance
Monitor security
Provide tools for creating interface
Type matters becase some application software is only compatible with certain OS |
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Term
| What are the different ways in which a computer can handle simultaneous execution? |
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Definition
Multi-Tasking
Multi-Threading
Multi-Processing |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more programs at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more tasks within one program at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| Manage allocation of task among tow or more processors (or cores) |
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Term
| Why do we care about how well a computer handles simultaneous execution? |
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Definition
| Because it allows us to run multiple tasks at the same time |
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Term
| What is virtual memory? how does it work? Why do we care if an operating system has it? |
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Definition
It is space on the computer's storage device that is used to simulate RAM
It uses the least used segment of Programs you are running and store them on disk
It allows you to have more memory available |
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Term
| From the Users point of view what is the difference between running a compiled program and running an interpreted program? Why would the programmer care about this difference? |
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Definition
In a compiled program a user can only convert program to executable
In an Interpreted program a user can read the source code
A programmer can guard their program if it's compiled |
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Term
| Software v. Open Source Software |
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Definition
OSS is a new way to develop and distribute software
Makes source code of program available to anyone and everyone |
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Term
| Concept of Free in respect to OSS |
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Definition
| Not only do you own OSS you are free to edit and do what you want with it |
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Term
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Definition
| free software with closed source code |
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Term
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Definition
| Software that you have to buy and is closed |
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Term
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Definition
| Software that is free for a trial period and then requires payment (closed source code) |
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Term
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Definition
| Free software that has source code available |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to make money with OSS |
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Definition
Sell support & related services
Sell accessories (books, T-shirts)
Widget frosting - If you make and sell hardware, go open source with the software
Loss leader- Give away some software as a loss leader to draw attention to your other software |
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Term
| Different Measures of Computer Speed (Speed of Microprocessor?) |
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Definition
Clock Speed- Millions of Cycles per second Ex. Megahertx (MHz)/Gigahertz(GHz)
Word Size- Number of bits processed at one time Ex. 64 bit
Cache- Special high speed memory reserved for the microprocessor's use EX. 512 K |
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Term
| What does a processor do? |
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Definition
It is responsible for executing instruction to process data
Distinguishable by Clock Speed/Word Size/Cache |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of transistors that can be inexpensively placed on an integrated circuit is increasing exponentially doubling approximately every two years |
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Term
| Relationship between processor and motherobard |
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Definition
| Motherboard contains the processing hardware |
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Term
| How can computer speeds be compared? |
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Definition
| Compare its Clock Speed or Microprocessor |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest and fastest computers |
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Term
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Definition
| Computers used to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data |
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Term
| Three Kinds of input devices |
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Definition
1. Keyboard
2. Pointing Device (mouse)
3a. Storage Device
3b. Wireless pointer |
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Term
| Four features that distinguish monitors |
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Definition
1. Cathode Ray Tube v. Liquid Crystal Display (Flat Panel)
2. Screen Size (diagonal)
3. Resolution - Maximum number of pixels the monitor can display
4. Dot Pitch - the distance between pixels |
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Term
| What are the different units of storage (or memory) |
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Definition
-All Measured in Bytes
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Virtual Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) |
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Term
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Definition
| A byte is a series of 8 bits |
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Term
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Definition
constantly changing as long as the computer is on and is cleared when the computer is turned off
-RAM
-Virtual Memory? |
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Term
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Definition
never changes and remains intact when the computer s turned off
-ROM |
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Term
| What are the two types of files stored on a disk? |
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Definition
Executable File- Contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task
Data File - user created i.e a paper you write |
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Term
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Definition
-RAM retains data only while the power is on
-Data can be stored on disk storage while the computer is off
-RAM is faster?
-RAM is used during the processing function
-Disk storage is for storage?? |
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Term
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Definition
A repository of structured business data (ex. Customer names, telephone nubmers, etc.)
Contains large volumes of data that many people may access |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a database? |
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Definition
Help financial institutions and people in business
-Financial and marketing analysts
-Accountants and auditors
-Managers and staff in sale, production
-Engineers
_Anyone in business |
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Term
| What is a database management system? |
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Definition
| Software that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database (ex. Access) |
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Term
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Definition
-Data dictinoary
-Data definition language
-Data manipulation language
-Database utilities
-Report generator |
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Term
| DMS Component: Data Dictionary |
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Definition
| Tells what fields, record and tables are in a database, and their properties |
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Term
| DMS Component: Data definition language |
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Definition
| For defining fields, records, tables and their relationship |
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Term
| DMS Component: Data manipulation language |
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Definition
| For reading and changing what's in a database (ex. SQL) |
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Term
| DMS Component: Database utilities |
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Definition
| For things like backing up the database, et.c |
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Term
| DMS Component: Report generator |
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Definition
| Makes it easy to create reports from a database |
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Term
| Benefits of a relational DBMS? |
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Definition
| Tables with specified fields relating one table to another, easy to change, read |
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Term
| With is a Multidimensional data structure? |
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Definition
| Three different types of data together, such as Sales, months, and location |
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Term
| Relational Database Advantages |
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Definition
-Non-redundant data
-Ease of maintenance
-Reduced storage costs
-Data integrity
-Data independence: shareability/flexibility
-Privacy/security |
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Term
| Problems with flat file structure |
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Definition
-Insertions, updates, deletions (eliminated using relational)
-Data in one section depends on the other
-End up having to enter in much information more than once |
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Term
| Be able to identify all of the parts of a data table |
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Definition
a. Attributed (Fields/Data Items)
b. Relation (Table/File)
c. Tuple (Row/Record)
d. Attributed Value
e. Primary Key |
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Term
| Understand how relational tables "relate" to one another using keys |
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Definition
-Separate tables with specified fields relating one table to another by primary keys
-Primary key's are different fields that relate one table to antoehr
-EX. Product ID
-Primary key of Product ID relates/connects customer table with own company table
-PK= Attribute that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifier consisting of 2 or more attributes (ex. Flight number, date, destination) |
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Term
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Definition
Structured Query Language: The standard language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database
-Microsoft Access Queries can also sort and combine/calculate data
-Most Common Operation is queries |
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Term
| Read and interpret a simple SQL
Select -> price, From -> stock, Where price >80 |
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Definition
| Interpreted as select/retrieve all rows from the stock tables in which the price columns contain a value greater than 80 |
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Term
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Definition
-Different fields, table: what table from that field, sort by "ascending descending etc."
-Criteria: conditions for which the data has to be satisfied to show up
"And" means both conditions have to be satisfied
-"Or" means one or more of the conditions have to be satisfied |
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Term
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Definition
-Process of ensuring that EVERY field in a table depends the key, the whole key and nothing but the key.
-Eliminates problems of insertion, update and deletion
-Results in a database where facts are stored only once, easy to relate data in different tables, can ask ad hoc questions |
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Term
| Meaning of "Every field depends on the key, the whole key, and nothing but the key." |
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Definition
| No fields are dependent on fields other than the primary key |
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Term
| What’s the purpose of building an ER diagram? |
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Definition
-Analogous to preparing architectural drawings before building a house
-Tells you what tables you need in your database, what primary keys you need, what foreign keys are necessary
-Helps document the database for you, for someone else, for possible changes that have to be made |
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Term
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Definition
| attribute that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type |
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Term
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Definition
| an attribute which is the primary key of one table and a non-key attribute in another |
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Term
| Components of an Information System |
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Definition
-Group of interdependent elements that transform data into information
-Include people, procedures, software, database, networks, hardware
Ex. Wolverineaccess |
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Term
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Definition
-Data: a set of discrete, objective facts about events. In an organizational context, data is most usefully described as structured records of transactions
-Information: a message meant to change the way the receiver perceives something, to have an impact on his judgment and behavior |
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Term
| What are the reference disciplines in information systems? |
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Definition
-Computer science: study of theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems
-Management science: using mathematics, and other analytical methods, to help make better business decisions
-Management: process of leading and directing all or part of an organization (often a business) through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, intellectual, material) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of SDLC |
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Definition
-"System Development" is the set of activities involved in moving from an idea for a new information system to having one that is actually in use by people in a company
-SDLC framework is used by companies to think about how to organize information system projects |
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Term
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Definition
-Starts with an idea and ends with replacing old system
Investigation-> analysis-> design-> construction-> implementation-> operation and maintenance |
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Term
| Involvement of non-IT personnel in the SDLC? |
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Definition
| They are supposed to use and implement the SDLC and the new information system |
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Term
| Lessons from the "Four Hour House" |
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Definition
-Motivational tape illustrating princples of total quality management
-Importance of Teamwork and extensive design |
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Term
| Advantages of in-house development |
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Definition
-Can meet all user needs
-Software and experience are an asset
-Can control development process
-Can ensure compatibility
-Can adapt to changing needs |
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Term
| Disadvantage to In-House Development |
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Definition
-May take a long time
-Initial cost higher
-Uncertain project outcome
-In-house maintenance required |
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Term
| Advantages of Outsourced Development |
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Definition
-Supplier employs specialist
-Staffing economies of scale (supplier spreads cost of specialized staff over multiple clients) |
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Term
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Definition
-Supplier may lack expertise in your business
-Contract problems
-Expensive |
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Term
| Advantages of software acquisition |
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Definition
| -Higher quality, available more quickly, initial cost lower, can test before purchase, good for common and straightforward applications |
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Term
| Disadvantages of software acquisition |
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Definition
-May not satisfy requirements exactly
-May not need to change business processes
-Must pay for modifications
-External expertise may be required
-Paying for unnecessary features
-Ongoing support may be expensive
-Vendor may not make desired changes |
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Term
| Causes of failure of system development projects? |
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Definition
-Lack of Senior management oversight and support
-Underestimating resource needs
-Project size and scope
-Inadequate project control mechanism
-Insufficient planning
-Requirements not well defined
-Resistance to change |
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Term
| Major risks associated with systems development projects |
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Definition
-Failure to obtain expected benefits
-Cost overruns
-Schedule slippage
-Poor technical performance |
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Term
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Definition
-Allow you to do what-if-analysis over a range of values
Appropriate to use- When you want the number to be affected by other changes |
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Term
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Definition
Data summarization tool found in data visualization programs such as spreadsheets.
-It can automatically sort, coutn, and total the data stored in one talbe or spreadsheet and create a second table displaying the summarized data
-Pivot tables are useful to quickly create cross tabs
-User drags and drops to set up table |
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Term
| One-Variable data table v. Two-variable data table |
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Definition
One-variable data table- you can specify one input cell and any number of result cells
Two-Variable data table- use two input cells, but unlike one-variable data table, only the value of a single result cell is displayed |
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Term
| Benefit of Using a data table? Pivot Table? |
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Definition
Data table: simple, easy
Pivot table: summarizes information from database in a meaningful and highly flexible ways |
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Term
| Absolute v. Relative Addressing |
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Definition
Relative Addressing- refers to things relative to each other (ex. B11*D11 means B11 times something two to the right)
Absolute addressing- used when you want the reference to never change from a specific cell |
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Term
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Definition
| A structured documetn that contains summaries of and pointers to news and blog items (actually anything) |
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Term
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Definition
| An application that allows you to easily read RSS feeds |
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Term
| What does a URL for an RSS feed look like |
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Definition
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Term
| How is an RSS document structured differently than an HTML document? Why? |
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Definition
-Specified in an XML (a generic specification for data formats)
-RSS delivers its information as an XML file called an "RSS feed",
-Done so you can tag the structure of the RSS feed |
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Term
| Search engine v. Social Bookmarking |
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Definition
| Search the web for existing material vs. Social bookmarking: share resources with colleagues |
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Term
| RSS Reader application vs. Web-based RSS reader |
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Definition
| Web based RSS reader is better because it is available anywhere for you to log in |
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Term
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Definition
-Search- looking for information about a specific topic
-Discovery- finding something that you did not know (and maybe didn't know that you didn't knwo) |
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Term
| What does it mean to participate in a social bookmarking site? |
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Definition
| Social bookmarking: share resources with colleagues |
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Term
| Pros and Cons of Social Bookmarking |
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Definition
Pros- allows you to share and receive relevant bookmarks with other people
Con- isn't private |
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Term
| Understand how to do the different kinds of queries with delicious |
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Definition
-Delicious: accumulate a set of relevant resources
-Search your own bookmarks
-Share bookmarks with others directly
-Observe the internet hive mind
-Popular bookmarks (what's drawn interest?
-Recent bookmarks (what's new)
- Social bookmarking |
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Term
| Know the meaning and use of HTML tags for links and images |
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Definition
| Tags: one-word descriptors that help you organize and remember your bookmarks |
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Term
| What distinguish blogging form normal HTML? |
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Definition
| Blogs need very little HTML |
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