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BISC208 Exam 3 (Population Ecology)
University of Delaware (Professor Dion)
17
Biology
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Populations
Definition

-Organisms of defined species living in defined geographic area

-Close enough to interbreed

-Share common gene pool

Term
Characteristics of Populations
Definition
Term
Structure in Space
Definition

-Space

      >Density or Mass/Unit Area or Volume

          *Sample Random Selected Plots (Large Organisms)

          *Pelts Taken

          *Mark and Recapture or Track (Small Moving Organisms)

      >Catch 100 Bees and mark, Release, Catch 50, 5/50 are marked, 10% of population is marked, =1000 Bees

Term

Distribution

(Can Influence Density)

Definition

-Uniform

      > Implies Negative Interactions

      > Competition Territorial

-Random

      >Biological Influences do not influence distribution (Bushes, Wildflowers)

-Clumped

      >Positive Interactions

      >Due to Resources

      >Mating, Saftey, Food, Water

Term
Structure in Time
Definition

- Age Structure

      > # of Cohorts and # per Cohort

-Baby Boomers of 1950-1969

-Influence of WWII deaths on the # of Males age 75-79

-Trees

      >Undisturbed Forest: Many younger trees, Few older trees

      >Overgrazed Forest: Few younger trees, Many older trees

Term
Reproductive Strategies
Definition

-Semelparous

      >Big Bang, then die, need ideal conditions

-Seasonal Iteroparous

      >Breeding Season

      >More energy devoted to lifetime breeding

-Continuous Iteroparous

      >Breed at anytime (Humans, Chimpanzees)

Term
Life Table
Definition

-Studies one group (Cohort) and measures its death and survival rate

Term
Survivorship Curves
Definition

-Curve I

      >Death via Old Age

      >Death via Degenerative Diseases

      >Few Offspring B/C energy invested in maternal care

      >Iteroparous

      >Mostly Large Mammals

-Curve II

      >Constant Proportion

      >Die at every age due to random events

      >Few offspring B/C of maternal care

      >Iteroparous

-Curve III

      >Most Common

      >Lots of offspring but die young B/C maternal care

      >Many are semelparous

      >Many Invertabres, Fish, Amphibians

 

Term
Growth of the Whole Population (Many Cohorts)
Definition

-Influenced by Births, Deaths, and Emmigration

-# of Births/Total Population - # of Deaths/Total Population = Per Capita Growth Rate (R+/-0)

-Rmax: maximum birth, minimum death (ideal)

      >Genetically determined

 

Term
Logaritmic Growth of a Population
Definition

-If R>0 then Births>Deaths

-Change in # (N)/Unit Time(T) = rN

      >Ideal Conditions = N/T=RmaxN

-Populations Grows faster as N increases even though the Rate is the same

Term
Introduced Species
Definition

-Grow Exponentially and Reach High Density

-Species brought to a new location where they have historically not been found

-4500 have established free living populations

-About 15% cause problems

Term
Deliberate Introduction of New Species
Definition

-Predators for local pets

-Hunting

-Familiar from "Home"

 

Term

Accidental Introduction of New Species

 

Definition

-91% of ships sampled had living organisms

      >Ex. Zebra Mussels

-Packing Material

      >Dutch Elm Fungus

-Imported Nursery Stock

Term

Logistic Population Growth

(Density-Dependent)

Definition

-Birth>>>>D (Rmax), Birth>>D, Birth=Death at K

-K=Carrying Capacity: # of organisms supported by the enviorment without damage to the enviorment

      >Depends on enviorment and can change

-N/T = r ((K-N)/K)N

Term

Growth Fluctuation

 

Definition

-Is due to......

-Resource Fluctuation

-Interactions with Other Species

-Biotic Factors

      >Competition or Predation can cause fluctuation of the 2 species

-Boom & Bust

      >Density-Independent Factors

           *Weather can result in overexploiting resources (Boom) then a Food shortage (Crash)

-Abiotic Factors

      >Weather, Pollution

-Human Activities

      >Hunting, Habitat Destruction, Global Warming

Term
Wildlife Corridors
Definition

-Provide rescue to fragmented populations

      >Routes for animals to move along (Hedgerows)

 

Term
Density Dependent Factors
Definition

-Limited Resources

-Stress due to overcrowding

-Waste accumulation

-Disease

-Interspecific Interactions

      >Parasitism

      >Predation

      >Competition

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