Term
Understand characteristic traits of animals |
|
Definition
§Animals are multicelled heterotrophs that move about for at least part of their life cycle. Their cells lack cell walls. §Animals develop in a series of stages •Ectoderm, endoderm, and often mesoderm form in the early embryo •Cells interact in functional units (epithelium and connective tissues) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Body Symmetry, Cephalization: §Radial (round) §Bilateral (right and left sides) §Cephalization-definite head end, usually with feeding and sensory features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2. Type of Gut: Gut-place where food is digested §Saclike-one opening (a mouth), where food enters and wastes leave. Incomplete digestive tract. §Tubular-two openings (mouth, anus). Complete digestive tract. Advantage: Parts of tube specialized for taking in food, breaking down food, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3. Body Cavities: Coelom: fluid filled cavity between gut and body wall. It is lined with peritoneum (derived from mesoderm) §Acoelomate (no coelom)-packed solidly with tissue between gut and body wall §Pseudocoelomate (false coelom)-unlined body cavity around gut. Coelomate (with coelom)-allows organs to expand and move freely. Cushions organs from shocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4. Segmentation: §Repetition of body units, front-to-back. This repetition allowed for specialization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -fluid filled cavity between gut and body wall. It is lined with peritoneum (derived from mesoderm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •First opening on the embryo becomes the mouth (Examples: Flatworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Roundworms, Arthropods) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•First opening on the embryo becomes the anus (Examples: Echinoderms, Chordates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| §Cephalization-definite head end, usually with feeding and sensory features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| §Repetition of body units, front-to-back. This repetition allowed for specialization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -(flagellated collar cells absorb food; amoeboid cells digest and distribute it) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. larvae, each with inverted scolex of futre tape worm, in cow 2. humans eat cow 3. poop out tapeworm & get fertilized 4. cows eat fertilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cephalopods-adaptations for speed |
|
Definition
| §The fastest (squids), largest (giant squids), and smartest (octopuses) invertebrates §Left their shell for speed, became faster and smarter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •Free-living decomposers or parasites parastic: Trichinella spiralis Wuchereria bancrofti |
|
|
Term
Key arthropod adaptations |
|
Definition
| •Hardened exoskeleton •Jointed appendages •Specialized and fused segments (wings) •Efficient respiratory and sensory structures (eyes, antennae) •Specialized stages of development for different environmental conditions (metamorphosis) (Ex. Caterpillars metamorphose into butterflies) |
|
|
Term
Insects: key characteristics that make them unique |
|
Definition
| §Most successful of all animal groups §Most adult insects, segmented body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. §Include the only winged invertebrates §Complete digestive system. Malpighian tubes used for excretion. |
|
|
Term
Echinoderm: water-vascular system, deuterostome |
|
Definition
| §Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc. •Invertebrates of the deuterostome lineage •Exoskeleton with spines, spicules, or plates of calcium carbonate •Water-vascular system with tube feet •Adults are radial, but bilateral traits appear in larval stages and other features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. A notochord is a long rod of stiffened tissue that supports the body; later it changes to bony units in vertebrates.
2. A dorsal, tubular nerve cord lies above the notochord and gut.
3. A muscular pharynx with gill slits is positioned at the entrance to the digestive tract.
4. A tail, or rudiment thereof, exists near the anus. |
|
|
Term
Invertebrate chordates (tunicates, lancelets) |
|
Definition
Tunicates
Swim as larvae
Adults cling to rocks, only chordate trait retained is the pharynx with gill slits
Filter feeders
Lancelets
Fish-like body, segmented muscles
Unlike tunicates, adults retain all 4 chordate features
Buried in sand, filter-feeders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hagfish (jawless fish): Simplest modern craniate ONLY modern animal with cranium and no backbone.
Jawless fish have a notochord and sensory tentacles. Can secrete mucus for defense! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Key innovations laid the foundation for adaptive radiations of vertebrates
Vertebral column of cartilaginous or bony segments
Jaws evolved in predatory fishes
Gills evolved in water, then lungs for dry land
Paired fins were a starting point for other limbs
|
|
|
Term
Characteristics of cartilaginous fish, bony fish
|
|
Definition
The most diverse vertebrates
Lungfishes
Lobe-finned fishes (coelacanth)
Ray-finned fishes |
|
|
