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BISC 102 Midterm 3
The Deep Sea and Hydrothermal Vents
9
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/28/2010

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Cards

Term
Depth levels of the deep sea (5)
Definition
1. Mesopelagic: 200-1000 m
2. Bathypelagic: 1000-2000 m
3. Bathyal: 200-2000 m
4. Abyssal: 2000 – 6000 m
5. Hadal > 6000 m
Term
Characteristics of Mesopelagic animals (3)
Definition
1. Small size
2. Huge eyes, jaws, and teeth
3. Bioluminescence and countershading
Term
Reasons for bioluminescence (4)
Definition
1. Predator avoidance
2. Species recognition
3. Prey attraction
4. Mate attraction
Term
Characteristics of Bathypelagic animals (5)
Definition
1. Bigger individuals, lower abundance and biomass
2. High species diversity
3. Black and red in color
4. No vertical migrations to the surface
5. Small or large eyes, bioluminescence
Term
Hydrothermal Vents
Definition
Oases of life discovered in late 70s on accident by Bob Ballard. Vent circulation for hot water
Term
Black and White Smokers
Definition
-Black Smokers: minerals rich in Manganese, Iron, and Sulfur
-White Smokers: Hydrothermal vents, lower temperature, more Manganese
Term
Hydrothermal vent animals (endemic)
(3)
Definition
1. Giant tube worms Riftia
2. Giant clams Calyptogena
3. Abundant mobile animals and filter feeders
Term
How hot can the Alvinella tolerate?
Definition
80 degrees Celsius
Term
What makes whale fall communities work?
Definition
Chemosynthetic symbionts live on methane or Hydrogen Sulfide from decaying whale and whale oil
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