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| concerned with Earth materials (Earth and rocks) as well with the processes operating upon and within the Earth. |
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| examines the origin and evolution of Earth through time, focusing on continents, oceans, the atmosphere, and life. |
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| the generalized discipline focusing on the scientific study of the planet Earth |
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5 billion years ago a nebular cloud existed.
-hydrogen and helium left over from the big bang 80% hydrogen, 15% helium
-recycled stellar material 5% heavier elements |
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| how do we know the stellar material was recycled |
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only light elements were made during the big bang
-the elements makeup of our planet and solar system includes heavy elements (92 naturally occuring elements) |
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stars are element vactories
-nuclear fusion reactors
-when hydrogen is used up our sun will progressively fuse heavier elements until it produces carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
-when it is used up our sun will probably lose energy and shrink |
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the inital nebular cloud begins to condense under gravitational contraction forms a protosun
-the center of the cloud becomes very dense and begins to form a protosun |
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| small fraction of a planet. Must be larger than 1k in diamater, and be held together by its own gravity. |
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| large masses of a few hundred to a few thousand km in diameter, with internal differentiation |
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the father of philosophy and science
- contribution to geology
1. rocks were created under the influence of stars
2. earthquakes were caused by air forced into the earth that was then heated by the fires of hades and escaped explosively |
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unknowingly created the first "geological timescale"
-determined earth ws 6,000 years ago |
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