Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Birth and Death of Stars
Final Exam
129
Astronomy
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2010

Additional Astronomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How long does it take light to get to the Sun from Jupiter?
Definition
45 minutes
Term
1.5 times 10^-3 is between
Definition
0 and 1
Term
East and West is longitude, North and South is latitude. How do these relate to the Celestial Sphere?
Definition
longitude is right ascension, latitude is declination
Term
Currently the object at celestial North Pole?
Definition
Polaris
Term
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west because...
Definition
the Earth spins on its axis
Term
Vega has a magnitude of .03, HR4374 has a magnitude of 4.87. They are equidistant apart, meaning...
Definition
Vega produces more energy, has a greater intrinsic brightness
Term
Mira R Cassiopeia varies by three magnitudes, how much brighter is its bright phase than its faint phase?
Definition
(2.5)^3= 15.625 times brighter
Term
Proxima Centauri is 4 light years away. This means...
Definition
The star we see left the star four years ago.
Term
Refraction is:
Definition
bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another
Term
Diffraction is:
Definition
bending of light around an obstacle, such as a pinhole or narrow slit
Term
Reflection is:
Definition
bouncing of light off a suitable surface
Term
Constructive interference is:
Definition
when two wave "peaks" combine in a way that amplifies or reinforces each other
Term
Prism when different wavelengths refracting different amounts when passed through one transparent medium to another is called
Definition
dispersion
Term
Light is composed of...
Definition
Both electric and magnetic fields
Term
Wavelength range for the visible part of the spectrum is approximately
Definition
4000-7000 Angstroms
Term
The part of a spectrum with the longest wavelength is
Definition
radiowaves
Term

A photon wavelength with the most energy is...

10, 100, or 10,000 A

Definition
10 Angstroms
Term
When electric field components of light are aligned in the same direction, light is
Definition
Polarized
Term
Measure that quantifies average molecular and atomic motion is
Definition
Temperature
Term
When light undergoes a reflection it will become,
Definition
polarized
Term
The spectral region that is blueward of the infared waves is
Definition
visible light
Term
Zero Kelvin is defined as
Definition
point at which atomic and molecular motion stops
Term
Mercury has 80 protons and 120 neutrons. Aluminum has 13 protons and 13 neutrons. Neutrons and protons weigh the same. Which will have greater atomic motion?
Definition
Aluminum will have greater atomic motion than mercury
Term
Spectrum when solid, liquid, or opaque gas is heated above absolute zero is a
Definition
continuous spectrum
Term
Star A has a hotter surface temperature than Star B, both are identical in size and distance. This means
Definition
Star A is bluer/brighter than Star B
Term
Star A has hotter surf. temp but both have equal size and distance. If Star A is two times hotter than Star B, by what factor will the two differ in brightness?
Definition
16
Term
Light bulb A is heated to 3,000 K. It will have maximum intensity at 10,000 A. The surface temperature of the Sun is 6,000 K. What will its peak wavelength emitted be?
Definition
5,000 A
Term
5626Fe is composed of:
Definition
30 neutrons, 26 protons
Term
Ionization is the removal of what from a given atom?
Definition
Electrons
Term
Whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas depends on..
Definition
temperature and pressure
Term
H gas is can produce light with a wavelength of 4681 A (blue/green color). The wavelength is now seen at 4800 A. This means..
Definition
He is moving towards you
Term
Energy emitted at specific discrete wavelengths by (not excited) transparent gases is called:
Definition
emission spectrum
Term
The spectrum formed when continuous thermal (or black body or plank) spectrum is passed through a cooler gas is called:
Definition
absorption spectrum
Term
[image]
Definition
Transition A emits a redder photon than transition B
Term
A travels in a car at a very rapid rate (50,000 km/sec); B stands on the side of the road. A turns on the light and A measures the beam at 300,000 km/sec and B measures
Definition
300,000 km/sec
Term
Einstein's Theory of Relativity. You drive a car at speeds near that of light. Observer beside the road will see:
Definition
The car's bumper to bumper length is shorter
Term
The same observer looking at your watch will see:
Definition
your watch moving slow
Term
You will see:
Definition
No difference in length or height
Term
You, looking at your own watch will see:
Definition
no difference in time passage
Term
Consequence of the constancy of the speed of light is that:
Definition
space and time are inextricably linked
Term
Einstein's theory of relativity explains that the path (direction) of light can be altered by:
Definition
Mass
Term
Star A is three times further than Star B. Star A appears how many times fainter than Star B?
Definition
Nine
Term
Rapid (but small) fluctuation in position and brightness of a stars when seen through the earth's atmosphere is called:
Definition
Scintillation
Term
Difference in the focal lengths of blue and red light when passed through a lens:
Definition
Chromic Abberation 
Term
A star's normal, characteristic spectra is:
Definition
absorption (dark line)
Term
Major reason for finding astronomical satellites, especially in gamma, x-ray, UV, and microwave regions is:
Definition
Earth's atmosphere is opaque to most of the electromagnetic spectrum
Term
Viewing stars through a reasonable amount of the Earth's atmosphere they appear how compared to how they would without any atmosphere?
Definition
redder and fainter
Term
Two telescopes: A is a retracting with an objective diameter of 5m. B is a reflecting telescope with an effective objective diameter of 1m.
Definition
Telescope A has better light gathering power and telescope A has better resolving power. Telescope A can gather in 25 times more light. Telescope A can resolve objects that are five times closer.
Term
Star A shows a parallactic shift of 0.1 arcsec and Star B has a parallactic shift of 0.01 arcsecs, thus:
Definition
Star A is closer than Star B
Term
If you knew both apparent and intrinsic brightness of a star, you can determine:
Definition
distance
Term
Proper order of spectral classifications:
Definition
OBAFGKM
Term
Spectral type of sun:
Definition
G2 V
Term
[image]
Definition

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Main Sequence- C

Red Giant Stars- B

Super Giant Stars- A

White Dwarfs- D

Term
O type stars do not show strong spectral lines due to Hydrogen because
Definition
Temperatures are too high and all of existing H is ionized
Term
M type stars do not show strong spectral lines because 
Definition
H temperatures are too low to excite H atoms to the first level
Term
If distance between Sun and Earth were tripled, gravitational force exerted on Sun due to Earth's mass would be:
Definition
1/9 as great
Term
If mass of earth were tripled, gravitational force exerted on Sun due to Earth's mass would be:
Definition
3 times greater
Term
You are looking at two stars. Star 1: K5 V star, Star 2: K5 I star. Which is further
Definition
Star 2 is further than Star 1
Term
Intrinsic property of a star that can only be measured if the star is part of a binary system:
Definition
Mass
Term
Evidence that the Sun has strong magnetic fields is given by evidence of:
Definition
sunspots
Term
Sunspots appear dark because:
Definition
They are cooler than surrounding surface.
Term
Stars appear darker at their edges than at their centers:
Definition
limb darkening
Term
Star polar region rotate slower than its equatorial region
Definition
Differential rotation
Term
Length of sunspot cycle:
Definition
11 years, the sun's internal magnetic poles switch
Term
Visible surface of the sun:
Definition
photosphere
Term
Evidence that the sun has underlying convection zone is primarily given by observations of:
Definition
Granulation
Term
Needle like filamentary structure that are found in the chromosphere are:
Definition
spicules
Term
[image]
Definition

A: Corona

B: Transition region

C: Chromosphere

D: Photosphere

Term
Period (1645-1715) of extremely low activity of sunspots
Definition
Maunder minimim, cooler temps
Term
Solar winds image of earth's magnetic fields produces
Definition
aurora borealis/australis
Term
Proton-proton chain:
Definition
four H atoms converted into one He
Term
Particle emitted from the core of the sun during nuclear fusion
Definition
neutrinos
Term
What tries to collapse stars? What tries to expand stars?
Definition

Gravity: collapse

Gas pressure and radiation pressure: expand

Term
Forces that are trying to collapse a star are balanced by forces trying to expand a star
Definition
Hydrostatic equilibrium
Term
Amount of energy lost at the surface of a star is precisely compensated by the amount of energy:
Definition
Thermal equilibrium
Term
High temps are needed for nuclear fusion to occur because:
Definition
They speed the nuclei up so that when they collide they hit with sufficient force to overcome electromagnetic force
Term
High pressure is needed for nuclear fusion to occur because:
Definition
they cause the nuclei to be "packed" closer together, increasing the number of collisions that occur
Term
Where are photons created in the sun? It takes them one million years to pass through the _______ zone and then the ___________ zone.
Definition

Core.

Radiative and Convective.

Term
What is responsible for large magnetic fields in the sun?
Definition
convective sun
Term
What is important in building the initial stellar core because it sticks?
Definition
Dust
Term
As a cloud of material gravitationally collapses:
Definition
it will spin faster and heat up
Term
Large, cold blob of gas that is collapsing and accreting new material on central region
Definition
protostar stage
Term
small, hot blob of gas due to radiation pressure, clears away remnant material why central region collapses
Definition
Pre-main sequence stage
Term
extensive equitorial disk of material, balance of accretor and outflow around central collapsing region
Definition
T Tauri stage
Term
Frost line forms between:
Definition
Mars and Jupiter
Term
The sun______a ZAMS star____________________________.
Definition
was; when it first started generating energy via nuclear reactions
Term
High mass stars: photons created in_____; pass through_______ then _________stars.
Definition

core.

convective.

radiative.

Term
Region that dominates the interior structure of a low mass star:
Definition
convective
Term
When sun first formed it was _______ in high energy light because Sun had _______ magnetic activity.
Definition
brighter; higher
Term
What happened to DOOM Mars 3.5 billion years ago?
Definition
The core solidified
Term
[image]
Definition

A: Fuse C to Ne

B: burning He

C:Helium flash occurs

D: single shell burning source, He to He in shell only

E: H to He only in core

Term
Triple alpha process:
Definition
three He atoms into one C atom
Term
ejected mass from a soon to be white dwarf
Definition
planetary nebula
Term
Gas that atoms are packed so close together, that ground states of electrons physically touch
Definition
electron degenerate gas
Term
maximum mass of white dwarf
Definition
1.4 M earth
Term
Mass radius relationship: Chandrasekhar if you________ of a white dwarf, the ____________.
Definition
decrease the mass; radius will increase
Term
material insdie a white dwarf is:
Definition
electron degenerate
Term
one tablespoon of white dwarf material on earth would weigh:
Definition
one ton
Term
heaviest element synthesized through burning in cores of stars is:
Definition
Iron (Fe)
Term
Envelope of star is ejected in supernova explosion:
Definition
discovery that high temperature in the core at the instant of collapse produced a brief burst of a large number of neutrinos
Term
A gas that atoms are packed so close together that the nuclei physically touch
Definition
neutron degenerate gas
Term
rapidly rotating neutron stars
Definition
pulsar
Term
older pulsars_______ than younger ones
Definition
rotate slower
Term
material found in neutron star is in:
Definition
neutron degeneracy
Term
One tablespoon of neutron star material on earth weighs close to:
Definition
one million tons
Term
The region around a blackhole where light can't escape:
Definition
event horizon
Term
Physical size of a white dwarf most closely resembles:
Definition
Earth
Term

Physical size of a neutron star most closely resembles:

Definition
Manhattan
Term

Physical size of a black hole most closely resembles:

Definition
nothing
Term
At what Main Sequence mass is a star likely to leave behind a neutron star?
Definition
8-25 M
Term

 

At what Main Sequence mass is a star likely to leave behind a black hole?

 

Definition
25-100 M
Term
Proper life cycle for star having a mass of 50 M:
Definition
protostar, main sequence, red/super giant, supernova, black hole
Term

Proper life cycle for star having a mass of 15 M:

Definition
protostar, main sequence, red/super giants, supernova, neutron star
Term

Proper life cycle for star having a mass of 0.15 M:

Definition
protostar, main sequence, planetary nebula, white dwarf
Term
Help confirm presence of neutron stars and black holes
Definition
normal star binary systems
Term
When a star begins to fuel Fe in its core a _________ occurs.
Definition
SN Type II.
Term
When the surface of a white dwarf exceeds 6 million K a _____ occurs.
Definition
Nova
Term
When the mass of a white dwarf exceeds 1.42 M a _______ occurs.
Definition
Supernova Type Ia
Term
In type Ia of a supernova, most of the total energy emitted is in the form of:
Definition
light
Term
In a type II supernova, most of the total energy emitted is in the form of:
Definition
neutrinos
Term
Revolution of a binary star system and mutual gravitational attraction results in tear-drop shape:
Definition
Roche surface
Term
Bigger Roche surface means:
Definition
more massive star
Term
The point where gravitational forces are balanced is the:
Definition
lagrange point
Term
A giant molecular cloud beginning to form stars: 
Definition
the high mass stars begin to populate the main sequence while the low mass stars are still forming
Term
[image]
Definition
Cluster A is younger than B
Term
Object or event that helps astronomers determine distance through intrinsic brightness
Definition
Standard candle
Term
Example of standard candle
Definition
SN Type Ia
Term
hydrogen gas ionizes
Definition
SN Type II
Term
Collapse of neutron star that exceeds limit:
Definition
Gamma Ray buster
Supporting users have an ad free experience!