Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bioterrorism
Lecture 18
17
Pharmacology
Professional
03/09/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the 3 elements for bioterrorism?
Definition
- Perpetrators
- Agent
- A way to disseminate
Term
What are the properties of a biologic agent?
Definition
- Highly infective - small dose spreads person to person
- Fatal or incapacitating
- Stable to environment upon release
- No effective prophylaxis/tx
Term
What are CDC category A diseases?
Definition
- High priority
- Easy dissemination
- High mortality
- Anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, viral hemorrhagic fevers
Term
What are CDC category B diseases?
Definition
- Easy to disseminate
- Low mortality, moderate morbidity
- Brucellosis, Food contamination (shigella, salmonella, E. coli O157), Q fever, C. perfringens, Viral encephalitis
Term
What are CDC category C diseases?
Definition
- Have the potential for a higher morbidity/mortality
- Nipah virus, hantavirus, tickborne, yellow fever, MDR-TB
Term
What is anthrax?
Definition
A gram(+) SPORE forming bacilli that is infectious but not contagious.
Found in soil, animals. Clinical presentation depends on route of infection!
**PA - lethal factor causes apoptosis.
Term
What are the 3 routes of anthrax transmission?
Definition
- Cutaneous – Most common, results in a lesion then systemic sx. 20% mortality
- Intestinal – Nausea, fever, leads to ulcers. up to 60% mortality
- Pulmonary – inhaled spores, can incubate for 43 days. Biphasic - prodrome (sore throat, myalgia, cough) then fever, shock, coma. CXR = infiltratates, effusion. 90% mortality
Term
What is the tx regimen for inhalation and GI anthrax?
Definition
- Cipro/Levo + Doxy + 1 or 2 of: RIF, Vanc, PCN, ampi, chloramphenicol, imipenem, clinda, clarith
- Use cipro, not levo in kids. Benefits outweigh risk in pregnancy
Term
What is the tx regimen for cutaneous anthrax?
Definition
- Cipro OR Doxy
** 60 days for all anthrax tx. Prophylaxis for all those considered exposed to AIR, not hospital staff caring for patients
Term
For which bioterrorism agent is there a vaccine?
Definition
Anthrax - the Biothrax vaccine. 3 injections. Used for military
Term
What is smallpox?
Definition
Caused by orthopoxvirus (Variola major) - has no animal/environmental reservoir.
HIGHLY contagious through air and blister, until rash appears. 30% mortality if unvaccinated
Term
What is the presentation of smallpox?
Definition
Fever, back pain, HA, rash progresses to pustules --> death from SIRS
**TX is SUPPORTIVE CARE ONLY. The US is currently immune, no more vaccination. CDC stockpiles vaccine
Term
What is the plague?
Definition
Yersinia pestis - transmitted by fleas. COULD be aerosolized
- Bubonic - most cases. Swollen lymph nodes. 60% mortality if untreated
- Pneumonic - bioterrorism, presents like pneumonia. High mortality
- Septicemic - 100% mortality
Term
What is tx and prophylaxis for plague?
Definition
- Tx: Gentamycin or streptomycin for 10 days. Support for sepsis
- Prophylaxis: Doxy or cipro x7 days
Term
What is tularemia?
Definition
Caused by Francisella tularensis - gram(-) which lives in animals and soil. Easily aerosolized and high mortality, but no person to person transmission
Term
How is tularemia treated?
Definition
- Tx - Cipro, streptomycin, or gent x10 days. OR doxy x14-21 days
- Prophylaxis - Doxy or cipro x14 days
Term
What is the strategic national stockpile?
Definition
In case of an attack or outbreak, can be deployed in 12 hours
Supporting users have an ad free experience!