Term
| Which of the following is not currently a benefit to humans brought about by genetic engineering: interferon, anticoagulants, malaria vaccine, gene transfer |
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Definition
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Term
| A powerful weapon in fighting cancer has recently been created by augmenting a kind of white blood ell that is very effective at locating cancer cells with a --- |
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Definition
| TNF (tumor necrosis factor)gene |
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Term
| Vaccines can now be genetically engineered by inserting the genes that encode the pathogen's surface proteins into the --- |
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Definition
| DNA of harmless bacteria or viruses |
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Term
| Genetic engineers found a suitable vector to transport a gene from one plant to another in --- |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sequence of stages in genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| Cleaving DNA, Producing recombinant DNA, cloning cells, and screening cells |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a benefit of glyphosphate-resistant crops: crops do not need to be sprayed with herbicides, costs to produce crops are lower because no weeding is required, glyphosate quickly breaks down in the environment, topsoil erosion is reduced because intensive cultivation is not necessary |
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Definition
| crops do not need to be sprayed with herbicides |
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Term
| Producing genetically engineered major crops to carry out nitrogen fixation has been hampered because --- |
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Definition
| the bacteria do not function properly when they are introduced into the plants |
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Term
| Increased milk production in dairy cows and weight gain in cattle and hogs have been obtained through the use of --- |
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Definition
| genetically engineered growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| the process used to isolate a gene from the DNA of one organism and transfer the gene into the DNA of another |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent that can carry a DNA fragment into another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| a circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently from the main chomosome |
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Term
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Definition
| growing a large number of genetically identical cells from a single cell |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule made from pieces of DNA from two separate organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| used to cleave DNA at specific sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of restriction enzyme (used by Cohen + Boyer) |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique that uses radioactively labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA as a probe to identify a specific gene |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique that uses an electrical field within a gel to separate molecules in a mixture |
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Term
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) |
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Definition
| using restriction enzymes that will cut the DNA of different individuals into fragments of different lengths to serve as DNA fingerprints |
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Term
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
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Definition
| a technique that uses molecules of DNA, DNA polymerase, and a supply of all four nucleotides to make billions of copies of a DNA segment in just a few hours |
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Term
| The first step of Cohen and Boyer's genetic engineering experiment was to cut the --- of interest out of its source chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recombinant DNA is made when a DNA fragment is put into the DNA of a --- |
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Definition
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Term
| Any two fragments of DNA cut by the same restriction enzyme can be --- |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic engineering has benefited humans afflicted with diabetes mellitus type I by developing bacteria that produce --- |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetically engineered --- can now be used to aid heart attack patients in dissolving blood clots |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemophiliacs can eliminate the risks associated with blood products obtained from other individuals by using the genetically engineered blood-clotting agent --- |
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Definition
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Term
| A vaccine us a solution containing a harmless version of a --- or its toxins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic engineering turned a tumor-causing --- into a suitable vector for broadleaf crops. |
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Definition
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Term
| Recently crop plants have been developed that are resistant to the biodegradable herbicide --- |
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Definition
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Term
| Human growth hormone is used for --- |
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Definition
| growth disorders and growth hormone deficiency |
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Term
| What is the Human Genome Project? |
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Definition
| a research effort to identify and locate all human genes |
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Term
| Name five genetically engineered medicines. |
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Definition
| insulin, erythropoetin, interferon, interferon, interleukins, human growth hormone |
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Term
| Why was gene transfer impractical until recently? |
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Definition
| difficult to identify and isolate gene, transfer the normal gene into the body, hard to keep the new genes alive for a long time |
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Term
| How did scientists develop the tumor-causing Ti plasmid into a genetic engineering vehicle for plants? |
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Definition
| removed the tumor gene + put new gene in its place |
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Term
| Why is the development of cotton plants that are resistant to insects especially important? |
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Definition
| Cotton is usually sprayed with lots of chemicals, so it would be better for the environment. |
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Term
| Discuss how genetic engineering played a role in developing insect-resistant tomato plants. |
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Definition
| A bacteria-native pesticide called Bt was able to be inserted into the DNA of tomatoes through genetic engineering. |
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Term
| What two important genes were used in Cohen and Boyer's experiment? |
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Definition
| The ones for plasmid replication and tetracycline resistance. |
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Term
| How did Cohen and Boyer use a plasmid to make recombinant DNA? |
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Definition
| They cut the genes of interest from the large plasmid, made it into a small plasmid, then cleaved the small plasmid and added the frog gene for rRNA. |
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