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biosystems
biochemisty of the cell
28
Aerospace Engineering
12th Grade
10/05/2011

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Term
atoms
Definition
building blocks of elements
Term
what makes up 96% of body mass
Definition
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons in nucleus (fixed component). equals # of electrons if atom is neutral
Term
mass number
Definition
mass of protons and neutrons
Term
isotopes
Definition
structural variations of elements that differ in the number of neutrons
Term
molecule
Definition
2 or more atoms bonded together (h2, c6h12o2)
Term
compound
Definition
2 or more different kinds of atoms bonded together (c6h12o2)
Term
solvent
Definition
highest amount, usually liquid
Term
solute
Definition
lesser amount, dissolved in solvent
Term
concentration of solutions
Definition
g in 100 ml or ml in 100 ml
Term
molarity
Definition
1 mole=atomic weight of element or molecular weight of compound in grams. 1 mole=6.02 x 10^23 molecules
Term
mixtures
Definition
no chemical bonding
can be separated physically
hetero or homogenous
Term
compounds
Definition
can be separated only by breaking bonds
all are homogenous
Term
noble gases
Definition
stable and unreactive because outermost energy level fully occupied
Term
chemical energy
Definition
stored in bonds of chemical substances
Term
electrical energy
Definition
results from movement of charged particles
Term
mechanical energy
Definition
directly involved in moving matter
Term
radiant or electromagnetic energy
Definition
exhibits wavelike properties (visible light, uv light, xray)
Term
first law of thermodynamics
Definition
energy is conserved
energy can change form, but sum of energies is constant.
ex. windmill-electricty-light bulb
Term
enthalpy
Definition
measure of heat lost or absorbed by a system at constant pressure. delta H
Term
2nd law of thermodynamics
Definition
spontaneous process release energy as they move toward equilibrium.
disorder of a system will increase over time
Term
entropy
Definition
measure of disorder in a system.
measure of energy transferred in a process that is unavailable for useful work. delta s
Term
Gibb's free energy
Definition
delta g.
energy that is available to do work
Term
synthesis reactions
Definition
bond formation
anabolic
Term
decomposition reactions
Definition
break bonds
catabolic
Term
exchange/displacement reactions
Definition
bonds are made and broken
Term
acid
Definition
proton donor
Term
base
Definition
proton acceptor
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