Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biosystems II
Fungi and Prions
37
Biology
Graduate
03/07/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fungi
Definition
-no chlorophyll
-sexual or asexual
-cell wall chitin, glucan, mannan
-cell membrane ergosterol (target of antifungal agents)
-primarily aerobes
-saprophytes break down organic matter
-WARM DARK MOIST
Term
filamentous mold
Definition
-hyphae-branching threadlike filaments form mycelium
-multicellular-septate
-multinucleate-aseptate
Term
unicellular yeast
Definition
-divide by budding
Term
Mycoses
Definition
-fungal infections
-many acquired from environment
-no toxins
-virulence-dimorphism, growth at body temp, survive in macrophage
-normal flora on skin and mouth mostly yeast (candida)
-host resistance (low pH, dessication, fatty acids, comp with bacteria)
Term
mycotoxicoses
Definition
-NOT TOXINS, but BIPRODUCTS
Term
C. purpurea
Definition
-LSD
-intensifies perceptions
-ergotism-neurologic disorders
Term
A. flavus
Definition
-aflatoxins
-contaminate grains and peanuts
-hepatic hemorrhage
Term
A. phalloides
Definition
-'death cap' mushroom
-phalloidin binds F-actin prevents actin polymerization
-amatoxin-inhibits RNA pol II
Term
Prion particle
Definition
-lack nucleic acid
-slow replication
-do NOT elicit immune response
-no treatment or vaccine
Term
prion characteristics
Definition
-resistance to routine sterilization and decontamination
-sensitive to autoclaving, phenols, and NaOH
-no definite diagnostic test
Term
Human prion diseases
Definition
-kuru
-CJD
-varient CJD
-fatal familial insomnia
Term
prions pathogenesis
Definition
-neurodegenerative changes in the brain
-formation of large fluid filled vacuoles in the CNS = dead neurons
Term
Prpc
Definition
-predominantly expressed on neurons
-linear and protease susceptible
-alpha helices
Term
Prpsc
Definition
-globular and protease resistant
-beta pleated sheets
-plaque formation
-susceptibility to acquiring prion infection - mutation at amino acid residue 129
Term
prion transmission
Definition
-sporadic (spontaneous)
-inheritable (prp polymorphism)
-transmissible (food, iatrogenic)
Term
scrapie transmitted to
Definition
cattle cats antelopes
Term
low levels of prpsc in milk and meat
Definition
inefficient transfer to nervous system
Term
endemic mycoses
Definition
-geographic restriction
-systemic infection of healthy individuals
-histoplasmosis
-blastomycosis
-coccidiodomycosis
Term
histoplasmosis
Definition
-mold in soil, yeast in lungs
-bird and bat excreta (high N2)
-Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
Term
blastomycosis
Definition
-mold in soil, yeast in lungs, skin lesions
-decaying organic matter
-Mississippi river valley, SE and North central states
Term
coccidioidomycosis
Definition
-mold in dessert, spherule in lungs
-soil, rodent droppings
-SW states
Term
superficial mycoses
Definition
-Malassezia
-yeast (normal flora)
-tinea versicolor
-seborrheic dermatitis
Term
tinea versicolor
Definition
-hypo-hyper pigmented patches with slight scaling
-neck chest upper trunk
Term
seborrheic dermatitis
Definition
-dandruff
-inflammatory condition that causes flaky, white yellowish scales to form on oily areas like scalp or inside of ear
Term
cutaneous mycoses
Definition
-dermatophytes
-via microabrasions
-microsporum
-trichophyton
-epidermophyton
Term
dermatophytes
Definition
-parasitic fungus that causes an infection of keratinized tissue
-skin hair nails, rarely invade the dermis
-most common fungal infections
-not part of normal flora
-treatment-topical azole creams
Term
arthrospores
Definition
-thick walled vegetative cells formed by dermatophyte hyphae
-form in which infection is spread
Term
tinea capitis
Definition
hair scalp
Term
tinea cruris
Definition
crotch
Term
tinea manuum
Definition
hand
Term
opportunistic fungal infections
Definition
-candidiasis
-pneumocystosis
-aspergillosis
Term
candidiasis
Definition
-candida albicans
-normal flora
-mucosal infections
Term
pneumocystosis
Definition
-most infected early in life
-cannot be grown in vitro
-pneumonia-alveoli fill with proteinaceous material
Term
aspergillosis
Definition
-not part of normal flora
-ubiquitous in soil, decomposing vegetation
-conidia are inhaled-filamentous invasive tissue infection
Term
dimorphism plays a role in
Definition
virulence
Term
patients at high risk for opportunistic fungal infections
Definition
-transplant patients
-patients on corticosteroids
-HIV infected
-patients receiving broad spectrum antibiotics
-burn victims
-patients using central IV catheters
Term
neutrophils
Definition
-release granules of enzymes to breakdown fungal cell wall
-Cryptococcus neoformans resits phagocytosis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!