Term
| prokaryotic cell structure |
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Definition
-ds circular DNA
-extrachromosomal DNA on plasmids
-nucleoid (no nuclear membrane)
-no organelles in cytoplasm
-cell wall of peptidoglycan and LPS
-70S ribosome (target of aminoglycosides and macrolides) |
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Term
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Definition
-contain hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake
-can inactivate antibiotics |
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Term
| capsules/slime layers (glycocalyx) |
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Definition
-resistance to phagocytosis and dessication
-adherence to surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
-inner-plasma membrane
-middle-cell wall
-outer-glycocalyx |
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Term
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Definition
-peptidoglycan 20-80nm
-highly polar
-hydrophilic
-target of penicillin and cephalosporin |
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Term
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Definition
-peptidoglycan 5-10nm
-LPS |
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Term
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Definition
-shape and rigidity
-withstand high osmotic pressure
-strands consisting of alternating NAMA and NAG (sugars) crosslinked via peptides |
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Term
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Definition
-endotoxin is a lipid exclusively found on prokaryotes
-lipid A base of LPS responsible for toxicity
-bind of endotoxin to TLR4 (releases pro-inflammatory cytokines)
-presence in circ. may lead to shock |
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Term
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Definition
-Lipid A-activates TLR4
-core polysaccharides
-O-antigen-hydrophillic, sometimes used to determine serotypes |
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Term
| Acid-fast/Acid Resistant bacteria |
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Definition
-rod shaped bacteria with lipid rich cell walls
-composed of polysaccharides, waxy acid (mycolic acid), and glycolipids (sterols)
-little or no peptidoglycan
-cell membrane provides structural integrity
-grow very slowly because hard to build lipid rich cell walls
-stained with carbon-fuchsin (pink) and methyl blue |
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Term
| what can pass bacterial membrane |
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Definition
-hydrophobic molecules
-small uncharged polar molecules
-large uncharged polar molecules?
-dependent on size, charge, solubility
-how do they leave this barrier? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-untangle
-DNA gyrase in bacteria? |
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Term
| transcription initiated by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -regulatory protein that binds promotor then RNA polymerase can trascribe |
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Definition
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Definition
| -aminoacyl-tRNA (acceptor) |
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Term
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Definition
| -peptidyl-tRNA (growing chain) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AUG
Shine-Dalgarno sequence |
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Definition
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Term
| direction of translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| tetracycline and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) |
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Definition
| target protein synthesis (30S ribosome) |
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Term
| erythromycin and chloramphenicol (macrolides) |
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Definition
| -targets protein synthesis (50S ribosome) |
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Term
| extra chromosomal elements |
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Definition
-independently replicating
-encode for replication, resistance, virulence
-tool for molecular biology |
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