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Biosystems II
Molecular Events of the Embryonic Period
19
Biology
Graduate
02/16/2012

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Term
morphogens
Definition
-diffusible molecules that specify differentiation of a cell type at a specific location
Term
2 morphogen processes
Definition
-cell fate determined by location along the gradient/morphogen concentration at a specific location
-cells may migrate to a lower or higher concentration of a specific morphogen
Term
retinoid acid
Definition
-active form of vitamin A
-posteriorizes the body
-high concentrations in the embryo induce posterior structures to form
Term
TFGB/BMP
Definition
-family of proteins
-help establish dorsal/ventral patterns
Term
Wnt proteins
Definition
-secreted glycoproteins
-important in establishment of cell polarity, proliferation, apoptosis, cell fate, migration
Term
hedgehog proteins
Definition
-important for early development
-early patterning, cell migration, differentiation
Term
Shh secreted by
Definition
-notochord
-high conc. at floor of neural tube
-induces formation of interneurons and motor neurons
Term
Shh mutations
Definition
-many different altered phenotypes arise
-holoprosencephaly, digit malformations
Term
cyclopamine
Definition
-investigative cancer treatments
-suppresses Shh signaling
Term
notch/delta signaling
Definition
-often specifies fate of precursor cells, maintenance of stem cell populations
Term
RTKs
Definition
-growth factor signaling
-regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration
-growth of new blood vessels and axonal processes
Term
8 weeks (end of embryonic period)
Definition
-head nearly as large as body
-limbs present
-cardiovascular system functional
-all systems present
Term
9-12 weeks (month 3)
Definition
-blood cell formation begins
-sex readily detectable
Term
13-16 weeks (month 4)
Definition
-prominant cerebellum
-face looks human
Term
month 5
Definition
-fetal position
-quickening occurs
Term
month 6,7
Definition
-increase in weight
-myelination of spinal cord
Term
month 8 and 9
Definition
skin whitish pink
Term
central acidosis stimulates
Definition
first inspiration
Term
3 vascular shunts that bypass
Definition
lungs and liver
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