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-process used to develop gametes
-meiotic S phase followed by 2 rounds of chromosome segregation (I and II)
-homologs pair up in meiosis via homologous recombination (crossing over) |
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| segregates sister chromatids |
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| haploid cells are produced by |
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-1 DNA replication
-2 cell divisions |
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| -4 cells that are genetically different and contain half as many chromosomes as original parent cell |
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| supress programmed cell death |
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| -protein that supresses tumors |
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| -DNA damage/excessive proliferation/hypoxia activates kinase pathway that lead to phosphorylation of this |
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| DNA damage can cause cell to arrest at |
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| protein synthesis and cell growth |
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| -cell swells and bursts, spilling toxins |
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| hallmarks of apoptotic cells |
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Definition
-cytoskeleton collapses
-nuclear envelope disassembles
-chromatin condenses and breaks into fragments
-cell surface blebs (bulges)
-changes in outer leaflet in plasma membrane |
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| must be activated in order for apoptosis to occur |
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-caspase enzymes
-can be intrinsic or extrinsic |
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| increases propapoptotic proteins |
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| -injury,DNA damage, hypoic conditions |
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Definition
-blocks apoptosis
-prevents release of cyt c from mitochondria |
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