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Biostat
Test1
19
Mathematics
Undergraduate 4
08/20/2011

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Term
Data
Definition
number or nonnumerical labels collected from a set of entities
Term
Median
Definition
the value in the middle when the numbers are put in order
Term
Lower quartile and Upper quartile
Definition
the medians of the lower and upper halves of the data
Term
rate
Definition
the number of times it occurs per number of opportunities (3 out of 5 or 3/5)
Term
risk of a bad outcome
Definition
estimated by using the past rate for that outcome
Term
Base rate or Baseline Risk
Definition
the rate or risk at a beginning time period or under specific conditions
Term
population
Definition
a collection of all individuals about which information is desired
Term
Random sample
Definition
a subset of the population selected so that every individual has a specified probability of being part of the sample
Term
Margin of Error aka Margin of sampling error
Definition
a number that is added and subtracted from the sample information to produce an interval that is 95% certain to contain the true value for the population
Term
Non-participation bias AKA non-response bias
Definition
occurs when many people are selected for the sample either do not respond at all or do not respond to some of the key questions
Term
Self-selected or Volunteer sample
Definition
surveys and polls that don't attempt to contact a random sample, they just ask anyone who wants to respond to do it
Term
Observational Study
Definition
participants are merely observed and measured
Term
Variable
Definition
a characteristic that differs from individual to the next
Term
Confounding Variable
Definition
a variable that is not the main concern of the study but may be partially responsible for the results
Term
Randomized Experiment
Definition
a study in which treatments are randomly assigned to participants
Term
Treatment
Definition
a specific regimen or procedure assigned to participants by the experimenter
Term
Randomized Assignment
Definition
each participant has a specified probability of being assigned to each treatment
Term
Multiple testing or Multiple comparison
Definition
when researchers test many different hypotheses in the same study
Term
Statistics
Definition
a collection of procedures and principles for gathering data and analyzing information to help people make decisions when faced with uncertainty
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