Term
| The proximal radioulnar joint connects was parts of the radius and ulna? |
|
Definition
| Head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna |
|
|
Term
| The distal radioulnar joint is between what parts of the radius and ulna? |
|
Definition
| The head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the superficial group of flexor muscles? |
|
Definition
Pronator Teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus |
|
|
Term
| Out of the muscles in the superficial group of flexor muscles, which muscle lies deep to the other four? |
|
Definition
| Flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
Term
| The common flexor tendon is attached to what? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus ( common flexor tendon) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres? |
|
Definition
| The middle of the lateral surface of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of pronator teres? |
|
Definition
| Pronator teres pronates the hand and flexes the forearm |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the distal attachment of flexor carpi radialis? |
|
Definition
| The flexor carpi radialis tendon attaches to the base of the second metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of flexor carpi radialis? |
|
Definition
| The flexor carpi radialis muscle flexes and abducts the hand |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of palmaris longus? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor tendon) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of palmaris longus? |
|
Definition
| Palmaris longus tendon attaches to the palmar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of palmaris longus? |
|
Definition
| Palmaris longus flexes the hand |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment for flexor carpi ulnaris? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor tendon) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris? |
|
Definition
| The flexor carpi ulnaris tendon attaches to the pisiform, the hamate, and the base of the 5th metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris? |
|
Definition
| The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle flexes and adducts the hand |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis? |
|
Definition
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis? |
|
Definition
| The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon attaches to the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis? |
|
Definition
| Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| Where (anatomically) do you feel the pulse of the radial artery? |
|
Definition
| Between abductor pollicus longus and flexor carpi radialis tendons |
|
|
Term
| The radial nerve emerges on the dorsal side of the brachioradialis tendon and becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it clinically relevant that the brachial artery sometimes bifurcates in the arm, and not the forearm? |
|
Definition
| The ulnar artery may course superficial to the superficial group of flexor muscles. When this happens, the ulnar artery may be mistaken for a vein. When certain drugs are injected into an artery, the capillary is damaged, followed by gangrene |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis and pronator teres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common interosseous artery divides into what? |
|
Definition
Anterior interosseous artery
Posterior interosseous artery |
|
|
Term
| The anterior interosseous artery supplies what? |
|
Definition
| The deep group of flexor muscles |
|
|
Term
| The posterior interosseous artery supplies what? |
|
Definition
| The extensor group of forearm muscles |
|
|
Term
| The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medial one-half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the deep group of flexor muscles? |
|
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus? |
|
Definition
| The anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus muscle? |
|
Definition
| Distall, the flexor digitorum profundus tendons attach to the distal phalanx of digts 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| The lateral one-half of flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medial one-half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of flexor pollicus longus? |
|
Definition
| The anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of flexor pollicis longus? |
|
Definition
| The distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of flexor pollicis longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of pronator quadratus muscle? |
|
Definition
| The pronator quadratus muscle pronates the hand |
|
|
Term
| By definition, what are intrinsic hand muscles? |
|
Definition
| Instrinsic hand muscles are muscles that have their proximal and distal attachments within the hand |
|
|
Term
| There are two superficial groups of instrinsic hand muscles, what are they? |
|
Definition
Thenar group of muscles
Hypothenar group of muscles |
|
|
Term
| Deep in the hand lies a third group of intrinsic hand muscles, what muscles are make up this group? |
|
Definition
| The interosseous muscles and the adductor pollicis muscle |
|
|
Term
| The nerve supply of the palmar aspect of the hand is derived from what nerves? |
|
Definition
| The median and ulnar nerves |
|
|
Term
| The palm is supplied with blood by two arterial arches, what are they? |
|
Definition
The superficial palmar arch
The deep palmar arch |
|
|
Term
| The superficial palmar arch is mainly derived from what? |
|
Definition
| The superficial palmar arch is mainly derived from the Ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
| The deep palmar arch mainly derived from what? |
|
Definition
| The deep palmar arch is mainly derived from the radial artery |
|
|
Term
| How many carpal bones are there? What are they the proximal (lateral to medial) and distal (lateral to medial) |
|
Definition
There are 8 carpal bones
Proximal (Scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform)
Distal (Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate, hamate) |
|
|
Term
| How many metacarpal bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many phalanges are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digit 1 (thumb) has how many phalanges? Digits 2-5 (fingers) have how many? |
|
Definition
Digit 1: 2 phalanges (proximal & distal)
Digits 2-5: 3 phalanges (proximal, middlle, distal) |
|
|
Term
| What is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by? |
|
Definition
| A swelling of the common flexor sheath may encroach on the availble space in the carpel tunnel. As a result, the median nerve may be compressed |
|
|
Term
| The flexor retinaculum bridges what four bones? |
|
Definition
| Pisiform and the hook of the hamate on the medial side and tubercle of the scaphoid and trapezium on the lateral side |
|
|
Term
| The space between the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proximal attachment of the palmaris brevis is what? |
|
Definition
| The proximal attachment of the palmaris brevis is the medial aspect of the palmar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the palmaris brevis? |
|
Definition
| The distal attachment of palmaris brevis is the skin over the hypothenar eminence |
|
|
Term
| The ulnar artery passes lateral to the pisiform bone with the ulnar nerve, then divides into what? |
|
Definition
| A superficial branch and a deep palmar arch |
|
|
Term
| The superficial palmar arch is completed by what? |
|
Definition
| The superficial palmar arch is completed by a smaller contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery |
|
|
Term
| Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervates what? |
|
Definition
| The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to digit 5 and the medial side of digit 4 |
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| Median nerve, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, & the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle |
|
|
Term
| The three thenar muscles are innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the three thenar muscles |
|
|
Term
| Lumbrical muscles 1 & 2 are intervated by what? |
|
Definition
| The median nerve innervates lumbrical muscles 1 and 2 |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle has its own synovial sheath, and what is the name of the sheath? |
|
Definition
| The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle has its own synovial sheath (radial bursa) |
|
|
Term
| There are two sets of synovial sheaths, what are they? |
|
Definition
| Common flexor synovial sheath (ulnar bursa) and 3 digital synovial sheaths |
|
|
Term
| Where do the 4 lumbrical muscles arise from? |
|
Definition
| The 4 lumbrical muscles arise from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus |
|
|
Term
| What is the dital attachments of the lumbrical muscles? |
|
Definition
| The radial side of the extensor expansions of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the lumbrical muscles? |
|
Definition
| The lumbrical muscles flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the interphalangeal joints |
|
|
Term
| The thenar group of muscles contains what three muscles? |
|
Definition
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachments of the thenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| The scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The abductor pollicis brevis muscle abducts the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of flexor pollicis brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the flexor pollicis brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| Flexor pollicis brevis muscle flexes the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| Lateral side of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of opponens pollicis? |
|
Definition
| Opponens pollicis opposes the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical relevence if the recurrent branch of the median nerve is injured? |
|
Definition
| The recurrent branch of the median nerve is superficial and it can easily be severed by "minor" cuts over the thenar eminence. If the recurrent branch of the median nerve is injured, the thenar muscles are paralyzed and the thumb cannot be opposed |
|
|
Term
| The hypothenar group contains what three muscles? |
|
Definition
Abductor digiti minimi muscle
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle
Opponens digiti minimi muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal attachments for the hypothenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| The pisiform, hamate, and flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of abductor digiti minimi? |
|
Definition
| The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of abductor digiti minimi muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of flexor digiti minimi brevis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of opponens digiti minimi muscle? |
|
Definition
| The medial border of the fifth metacarpal bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the function opponens digiti minimi muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The opponens digiti minimi muscle is innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The deep palmar arch is completed by what? |
|
Definition
| The deep palmar arch is completed by the deep branch of the ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the two heads of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The oblique and transverse |
|
|
Term
| What are the proximal attachments of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3 and the adjacent carpal bones |
|
|
Term
| Where is the proximal attachment of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| The anterior surface of the shaft of metacarpal bone 3 |
|
|
Term
| Both heads of the adductor pollicis muscle distally attach where? |
|
Definition
| Both heads attach to the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of adductor pollicis muscle? |
|
Definition
| Draws the thumb toward digit 3 (adduction) |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| The palmar interosseous muscles are unipennate muscles that attach to the metacarpal bones of digits 2,4,5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the palmar interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| Distally, each palmar interosseous muscle attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion of the same digit on which it originates |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment for the dorsal interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate muscles that attach to metacarpal bones 1-5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| Distally, the dorsal interosseous muscles attach to the bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of digits 2-4 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the 3 palmar muscles? |
|
Definition
| They are adductors. They adduct digits 2,4,5 toward an imaginary axial line drawn through the long axis of digit 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the four dorsal interosseous muscles? |
|
Definition
| The four dorsal interosseous muscles are abductors. They move digits 2-4 away from the imaginary axial line. |
|
|
Term
| The interosseous muscles are innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles |
|
|
Term
| All intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by the ulnar nerve except which muscles? |
|
Definition
| Thenar group and the first two lumbrical muscles, which are innervated by the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| The muscles of the deep group of extensors has what function? |
|
Definition
| They cause supination of the hand, extension of digit 2, and abduction and extension of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| The superficial group of extensors have what function? |
|
Definition
| Extend the wrist and proximal phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles that comprise the superficial extensor group? |
|
Definition
| Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, & extensor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| 4 of the muscles in the superficial extensor group have the same attachment, what are the muscles and where do they attach? |
|
Definition
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris; attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the way of the common extensor tendon |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the brachioradialis? |
|
Definition
| Brachioradialis tendon attaches to the lateral surface of the distal radius |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus? |
|
Definition
| Extensor carpi radialis longus tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 2 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis? |
|
Definition
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum? |
|
Definition
| Extensor digitorum tendons attach to the extensor expansions of digits 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extensor digiti minimi? |
|
Definition
| Extensor digiti minimi tendon attaches to the extensor expansion of digit 5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris? |
|
Definition
| Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal bone 5 |
|
|
Term
| What lines the osseofibrous tunnels? |
|
Definition
| Synovial sheaths line the osseofibrous tunnels |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the deep extensor group? |
|
Definition
| Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, and supinator |
|
|
Term
| 4 muscles of the deep extensor group has the same proximal attachment, what are the muscles and where is the proximal attachment? |
|
Definition
| Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, & extensor indicis attach at the posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of abductor pollicis longus? |
|
Definition
| Abductor pollicis longus tendon attaches to the base of metacarpal 1 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extenson pollicis brevis? |
|
Definition
| Extensor pollicis brevis tendon attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of extensor pollicis longus? |
|
Definition
| Extensor pollicis longus tendon attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of digit 1 |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachement of extensor indicis? |
|
Definition
| Extensor indicis tendon attaches to the extensor expansion of digit 2 |
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical snuffbox? |
|
Definition
| The snuffbox is a depression on the posterior surface of the wrist |
|
|
Term
| What bounds the anatomical snuffbox? |
|
Definition
| Anteriorly by the abductor pollicis longus tendon and the extensor pollicis brevis tenon. The posterior boundary is the extensor pollicis longus tendon |
|
|
Term
| What can be found within the confines of the anatomical snuff box? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the dorsal carpal arch come from? |
|
Definition
| The dorsal carpal arch is a branch of the radial artery that arises in the anatomical snuff box |
|
|
Term
| What supplies blood to the dorsum of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal attachment of the supinator muscle? |
|
Definition
| The lateral epicondlye of the humerus, the radial collateral and anular ligaments of the elbow, and the lateral surface of the ulna |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal attachment of the supinator muscle? |
|
Definition
| The proximal 1/3 of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of supinator muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the supinator muscle? |
|
Definition
| The deep branch of the radial nerve innervates the supinator muscle |
|
|
Term
| When the deep branch of the radial nerve emerges from the supinator muscle, its name changes to what? |
|
Definition
| Posterior interosseous nerve |
|
|
Term
| What muscles does the posterior interosseous nerve innervates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates all of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there no muscles in the hand that are innervated by the radial nerve? |
|
Definition
| There are no intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand. Therefore, there are no muscles in the hand that are innervated by the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the acromiaoclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
A plane synovial joint
(which allows for gliding movement, the two surfaces are usually flat in a plane joint) |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the coracoclavicular ligament? |
|
Definition
| It supports the acromioclavicular joint |
|
|
Term
| There are two ligaments that make up the coracoclavicular ligament, what are they? |
|
Definition
Conoid ligament
Trapezoid ligament |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint? |
|
Definition
| A ball-and-socket synovial joint with a wide range of motion |
|
|
Term
| What joint has a greater degree of movement than any other joint in the body and why? |
|
Definition
| The glenohumeral joint, because the small area of contact between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the loose joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| The stability of the shoulder joint (glenohumeral) depends on what? |
|
Definition
| The function of the muscles of the rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
| What prevents superior displacement of the head of the humerus? |
|
Definition
| The coracoacromial ligament, the acromion, and the coracoid process prevent superior displacement of the head of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint? |
|
Definition
| Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction |
|
|
Term
| The elbow joint consists of 2 types of joints, what are they? |
|
Definition
| A hinge joint A gliding joint |
|
|
Term
| The ulnar lateral ligament is located where? |
|
Definition
| On the medial side of the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint? |
|
Definition
| Radioulnar joint is a pivot joint |
|
|
Term
| Where is the proximal radioulnar joint? |
|
Definition
| It is a pivot joint that occurs between the head of the radius and the radial notch on the ulna |
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The radius and the ulna are joined throughout their length by what? |
|
Definition
| The interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| The interosseous membrane is what type of joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distal radioulnar joint occurs where? |
|
Definition
| The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that occurs between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius |
|
|
Term
| The wrist joint is also called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The wrist joint is the articulation between what? |
|
Definition
| The distal end of the radius and the proximal carpal bones (Scaphoid & Lunate only) |
|
|
Term
| The distal end of the radius articulates with what carpal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carpal bones are most commonly fractured in a fall on the outstretched hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the wrist joint |
|
Definition
| Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction |
|
|
Term
| Why can the digits not be spread (abducted) unless they are extended? |
|
Definition
| The ligaments are slack during extension and taut during flexion. Therefore, the digits cannot be spread unless they are extended |
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the metacarpophalangeal joint? |
|
Definition
| Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction |
|
|
Term
| What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the movements of the interphalangeal joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What limits the range of motion in the digits? |
|
Definition
| The collateral ligaments limit the range of motion |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow tendinitis is also called what? |
|
Definition
| Lateral Epicondylitis or Tennis Elbow |
|
|
Term
| What is elbow tendinitis caused by? |
|
Definition
| Repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist strain the attachment of the common extensor tendon, producing inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of a synovial cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinically, what is the swelling on the dorsum of the wrist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can outcome of swelling common flexor synovial sheath? |
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Definition
| Compression of the median nerve (carpal tunnel) |
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Term
| What does it mean if you see a superficial vessel pulsating near the wrist? |
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Definition
| It is probably the radial artery being too superficial because the origin is more proximal. This is significant because it is vulnerable to laceration |
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Term
| What is cubital tunnel syndrome? |
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Definition
| The ulnar nerve being compressed in the cubital tunnel. The sign is claw hand |
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Term
| What is Dupuytren Contracture of Palmar fascia? |
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Definition
| A disease of the palmar fascia resulting in progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia and aponeurosis. |
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Term
| What is the effect of Dupuytren Contracture? |
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Definition
| The medial side of the hand pulls the 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints |
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Term
| What is the treatment for Dupuytren contracture? |
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Definition
| Usually involves surgical excision of all fibrotic parts of the palmar fascia to free the fingers |
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Term
| In hand infections, swelling usually results where? |
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Definition
| The palmar fascia is think and strong, swelling usually appear on the dorsum of the hand, where the fascia is thin |
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Term
| What determines the extent and direction of hand infections? |
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Definition
| The fascial spaces determine the extent and direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath |
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Term
| If you get a infection in your 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers, why does the infection usually stay confined to that particular finger? |
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Definition
| Because they nearly always have seperate synovial sheaths |
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Term
| How would infection spread to common flexor sheath and through the carpal tunnel? |
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Definition
| Infection in the little finger. The synovial sheath in the little finger is usually continuous with the common flexor sheath |
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Term
| What is Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans? |
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Definition
| Fibrous thickening of the sheath and stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel. |
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Term
| What is the cause of Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans? |
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Definition
| The excessive friction is caused by repetitive forceful use of the hands during griping or wringing. |
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Term
| How do you know if a patient has digital tenovaginitis stenosans? |
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Definition
| When the finger movement is passive, a snap is heard. Flexion produces another snap as the thickened tendon moves |
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Term
| What tendons are involved in digital tenovaginitis stenosans? |
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Definition
| The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus |
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Term
| What tendons are usually involved in Quervain tenovaginitis stenosans? |
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Definition
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicic Brevis |
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Term
| Why is bleeding usually profuse in lacerations of the palm? |
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Definition
| Because these vessels a numerous communications to the forearm and hand, thus bleed from both ends |
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Term
| Where should you compress to try and stop bleeding in a complicated hand injury? |
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Definition
| The brachial artery and its branches proximal to the elbow. This prevents blood from reaching the ulnar and radial arteries through anastomosis around the elbow |
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Term
| Why does sensation in the central palm remain unaffected in carpal tunnel syndrome? |
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Definition
| The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises proximal to and does not pass through the carpal tunnel |
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Term
| Why is the affect of carpal tunnel syndrome? |
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Definition
| Unable to oppose the thumb |
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Term
| What is the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? |
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Definition
| Partial or complete surgical division of the flexor retinaculum may be necessary |
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Term
| During carpal tunnel release, why is the incision made on the medial side of the wrist? |
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Definition
| To avoid possible injury to the recurrent branch of the median nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| A stiffening or fixation of the joint occurs |
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Term
| When ankylosis occurs, what is the treatment? |
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Definition
| A section of the clavicle is removed creating a psuedojoint or "flail" joint to permit scapular movement |
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Term
| What is a "shoulder seperation"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is calcific supraspinatus tendinitis(calcific scapulohumeral bursitis)? |
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Definition
| Inflammation and calcification of the subacromial bursa |
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Term
| Why is there no pain during calcific supraspinatus tendinitis while the glenohumeral joint is adducted? |
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Definition
| No pain usually results because in this position the painful lesion is away from the inferior surface of the acromion |
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Term
| How do you test for degenerative tendonitis of the rotator cuff? |
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Definition
| The person is asked to lower the fully abducted limb slowly and smoothly. From approximately 90 degrees abduction, the limb will suddenly drop to side if the rotator cuff is diseased or torn |
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Term
| Most dislocations of the humeral head occur in what direction? |
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Definition
| Downward (inferior)direction. |
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Term
| Why are humeral dislocations clinically described as anterior or posterior dislocations? |
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Definition
| The head ends up lying anterior or posterior to the glenoid cavity |
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Term
| Why may the axillary nerve be injured in a glenohumeral joint dislocation? |
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Definition
| Because of its close relation to the inferior part of the joint capsule. Subglenoid displacement of the head of the humerus into the quadrangular space damages the axillary nerve |
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Term
| Glenoid Labrum tears usually occurs in what type of person? |
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Definition
| Athletes who throw a baseball or football and in those who have shoulder instability |
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Term
| What is adhesive capsulitis? |
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Definition
| Adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the inflammed joint capsule |
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Term
| Adhesive capsulitis is also known as what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some injuries that may initiate acute capsulitis? |
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Definition
Glenohumeral dislocation
Calcific supraspinatous tendinitis
Partial tearing of the rotator cuff
Bicipital tendinitis |
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Term
| Traction injury of the ulnar nerve is a frequent complication of what? |
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Definition
| The abduction type of avulsion fracture of the medial epicondyle |
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Term
| What have you injured if you are getting "Tommy John" surgery? |
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Definition
| You have torn the ulnar collateral ligament |
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Term
| What is the source of pain in a subluxation of the radial head? |
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Definition
| A pinched anular ligament |
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Term
| Blood supply to the Lunate is good or poor? |
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Definition
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Term
| In degenerative joint disease, surgical fusion of the carpals may be necessary to relieve the pain. What is the process of surgically fusing the carpals called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has gone wrong in a bull rider's thumb? |
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Definition
| A sprain of the radial collateral ligament and an avulsion fracture of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
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|
Term
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Definition
| Refers to the rupture or chronic laxity of the collateral ligament of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint. |
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Term
| What are the shoulder joints? |
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Definition
Sternoclavicular joint (SC)
Acromioclavicular joint(AC)
Glenohumeral joint GH
Scapulothoracic articulation ST |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a labrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all the ligaments of the glenohumeral ligaments? |
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Definition
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Super, Medial, & Inferior glenohumeral ligaments |
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Term
| What are the shoulder bursae? |
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Definition
Subacromial
Subdeltoid
Subcoracoid |
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Term
| What helps determine superior from inferior in the radius and ulna? |
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Definition
| The syloid processes that help form the wrist |
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Term
| The radioulnar joint provide what motion? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The hinge part of the elbow joint is between what two parts? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During _______ the radius and ulna cross and form an X |
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Definition
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Term
| The ulnar collateral ligament connects what and what type of stress does it resist? |
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Definition
Connects the medial epicondyle of humerus to ulna.
It resists valgus stress |
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Term
| The radial collateral ligament connects what parts and resists what type of stress? |
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Definition
| Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radius and resists varus stress |
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Term
| What does the anular ligament connect? |
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Definition
| Connects ulna and radial head |
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