Term
| Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI's) |
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Definition
| Formerly known as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Venereal Diseases (VDs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Infections ofter spread by sexual contact although many may be spread by other types of contact. Symptoms may be limited to the genitalia or involve mucus membranes of the entire system |
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Term
| Classifications of Sexually Transmitted Infections |
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Definition
| Yeasts/Fungal, Bacterial, Parasitic (Protozoan or Multicellular), Viral |
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Term
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Definition
| CANDIDIASIS, caused by fungus Candida albicans, normal flora of skin and vagina, 75% of women experience it during childbearing years |
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Term
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Definition
| Sometimes none. Female - redness, swelling, itching, vaginal discharge. Male - inflammation, surface lesions on penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Antifungal agents, many avialable over the counter |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMALE: immediate attention and completion of treatment; wear cotton panties, aviod nylon. MALE: aviod sexual contact with females with active infections; uncircumcised = higher risk |
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Term
| Candidiasis Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Recurrence without proper precaution & treatment, presistence may indicate HIV infection |
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Term
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Definition
| SYPHILIS, Treponema pallidum |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary - painless skin ulcer at site of exposure. Secondary - variable skin rash, mucous matches, flat topped papules secreting fluid and dead skin, swollen lymph nodes, hair loss. Tertiary - neurologic and/or cardiovascular infection, death. Latent - no clincal signs, has an initial lengthy latent period |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmitted through sexual contact, via muscus membranes or broken skin. Infected women can pass it to babies at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| about 40,000 cases annually in US, New Primary and Secondary cases are most often in 20-24 yr old women & 35-39 yr old men |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics in increasing doses depending on duration of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Aviod contact with infected partners, USE CONDOMS |
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Term
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Definition
| GONORRHEA, Neisseria gonorrohoeae |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMALES: vaginal or urethral discharge, rectal bleeding, fever, lower abdominal pain. MALES: change in frequency of urination, inability to urinate, opaque urthral discharge. 25% of men have NO symptoms |
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Term
| Gonnorrhea is transmitted through... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics, oral sex can lead to oral gonorrhea |
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Term
| Gonorrhea long term effects |
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Definition
| about 40% of women develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease which can lead to Fallopian tube blockage and ectopic pregnancy, mothers can pass the infections to newborns |
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Term
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Definition
| approx 700,000 cases per year in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| condoms help, make sure partners do not carry infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Trachoma & Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LVG) |
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Term
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Definition
| FEMALES: vaginal discharge, burning urination, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding. MALES - penile discharge, burning urination, burning or itching at urethral opening |
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Term
| Chlamydia - Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) |
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Definition
| Males and Females: blisters, swollen lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Many men and women have NO symptoms - up to 85% of women |
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Term
| Chlamydia - LGC treatment |
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Definition
| Antibiotics, due to asymptomatic nature, widespread screening is needed |
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Term
| Chlamydia - LGC long term effects |
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Definition
| untreated infections spread to uterus and fallopian tubes leading to PID and extopic pregnancy, infected women have 5 times higher risks of getting HIV |
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Term
| Chlamydia - LGV prevalence |
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Definition
| from 3 to 4 million people infected annually in the US, 2/3 women and 1/3 men are infected frmo one sexual encounter |
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Term
| Chlamydia - LGV prevention |
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Definition
| Condoms can reduce transmission, infected partners should be avioded |
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Term
| Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis |
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Definition
| Syndromes in women caused by variety of bacteria |
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Term
| Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis symptoms |
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Definition
| Urethral syndrome - painful, urgent & frequent urinations. Vaginosis - exessive, smelly discharge; redness, itching, swelling |
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Term
| Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis treatment |
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Definition
| Complete course of Antibiotics, Follow-up evaluation to confirm elimination of infection |
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Term
| Acute Urethral Syndrome and Bacterial Vaginosis Prevention |
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Definition
| Neither condition is considered sexually transmitted, but each is sexually associated, Follow-up immediately on any symptom |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
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Definition
| Bacterial infection of the reproductive organs in females, usually cuased by multiple bacteral species, Transmission by sexual intercourse with infected males |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)Symptomes |
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Definition
| Many women are asymptomatic, symptoms are varied and inconsistent (chills, fever, elevated white blood cell count) |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Treatment |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum antibiotics, combines antibiotic regiem, Hospitalization/surgery |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Chronic PID, extopic pregnancy, depression, infertility, pelvic adhesions |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Prevelance |
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Definition
| 1,000,000 cases annually, 180,000 hospitalizations annually, 100,000 annually become infertile from PID |
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Term
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Prevention |
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Definition
| Follow-up on all primary bacterial infections and evaluations consistently, refer sexual partners, use condoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Single celled protozoan that usualy infects the vagina, urthra and other genital tissue |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Transmission |
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Definition
| Contact with an infected individual |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Symptoms |
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Definition
| Males rarely have symptoms. Females: discgarge, irritation during intercourse and urination, itching, abdominal pain. Female symptoms appear 5-28 days after contact |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Treatment |
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Definition
| Oral Antibiotics metronidazole |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Prevention |
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Definition
| Aviod infected partners, both partners should be treated, use condom to reduce chances |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Women may have chronic infections or frequent reourrence, infected pregnant women have premature, low weight babies |
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Term
| Trichomoniasis Vaginalis Prevalence |
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Definition
| 2 to 3 million cases annually in the US |
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Term
| Pubic Lice, pediculosis "crabs" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contact with an infected person, wearing the clothing os using the bed or bedding of an infected person |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe itching in pubic area (infection may spread), both the lice and their nits (eggs) are visible to the naked eye |
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Term
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Definition
| over the counter lice killing lotions and shampoos |
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Term
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Definition
| over the counter lice killing lotions and shampoos |
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Term
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Definition
| All persons in contact should be treated, all clothing/bedding, etc. need to be washed and dried at very high temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimated 3 million new cases each year in the US |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual contact, contact with skin, sheets, towels, bedding etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| intense itching, small red bumps, skin reactions may not appear until one month after contact |
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Term
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Definition
| Topical pesticides specific to the mite |
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Term
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Definition
| All persons in close contact, getting rid of clothing, bedding, etc., avoid sexual contact with infected persons |
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Term
| Scabies Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Apparently none - skin irritations may occur |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus - 2 Types - Herpes SImplex 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV-2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Herpes simplex is part of a larger virus family that includes chicken pox, shingles, mononucleosis, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is usually active at the lips, mouth, or throat (cold sores) |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually active at the gentials |
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Term
| Genital Herpes Transmission |
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Definition
| Most people have HSV-1 from childhood, HSV-1 is transmitted to the genitals by any mouth to genital contact, HSV-2 is transmitted through direct contact with infected persons, People w/o symptoms probably transmit the most infections, FEMALES at much higher risks |
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Term
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Definition
| Some show no symptoms, small blisters, cervical infections and inlammation of the urethra, fever, headache, weakness, fatigue, 3-4 weeks after infecttion herpes moves into latent stage of varying duration, symptoms return periodically, usually 4-5 times a year |
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Term
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Definition
| NO cure, antiviral drugs reduce symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| NO cure, antiviral drugs reduce symptoms |
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Term
| Genital Herpes Prevention |
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Definition
| use of antiviral drug acyclovar reduces transmission, open discussion w/ partners, use of condoms reduces chances of infection |
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Term
| Genital Herpes Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Recurrent outbreaks, can lead to meningitis, urthra problems, miscarriage, can be transfered to infant during birth - high fertility rate |
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Term
| Genital Herpes Prevelance |
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Definition
| about 45 million people in the US, 1 out of 4 women; 1 out of 8 men, over 200,000 ner cases per year |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) aka Genital Warts and Condyloma Acuminata Transmission |
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Definition
| Sexual contact with mucous membranes or breaks in skin, associated with oral sex |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV)Symptomes |
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Definition
| Warty growths around genital area, vaginal growth women are unaware of |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
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Definition
| Over 100 strains of HPV, 30 to 40 strains are considered STIs, some may lead to cancer of the cervix, 16 and 18 may lead to pharyngeal cancer |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Tissue can be irrevocably destroyed, may prevent natuarl vaginal delivery of babies, genital and/or rectal cancer, Pharyngeal cancer |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevelance |
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Definition
| Over 20 million cases in the US, . 6,200,000 cases diagnosed annually, over 50% college aged people, 60% of non-infected college age women will be infected within 5 years |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Treatment |
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Definition
| No cure, several therapies exist to remove warts |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention |
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Definition
| Majority of partners are probably already infected, use of condom reduces risk, risk increase with each added sex partner, women at higher risk if male has had sex with a woman with cervical cancer, there are no tests to detext it in males |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Prevention |
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Definition
| VACCINE!!! Merck Vaccine 2006, GlaxoSmith Kline (Cervarix) - targets 16 and 18 |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV)Transmission |
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Definition
| Sexually, at birth, person to person contact through fluids, 50% of cases are transmitted sexually |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV)Symptoms |
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Definition
| Not always Apparent, tiredness, anorexia, nausea, headache, fever, dark urine, liver enlargement |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV) Treatment |
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Definition
| No specific treatment, just supporitve and symptomatic care |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV)Prevention |
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Definition
| Two Vaccines are available and should be used |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV) Long Term Effects |
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Definition
| Chronic Hepatitis; cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, liver failure and death |
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Term
| Hepatitis B (HBV) Prevelance |
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Definition
| 5-20% of US population have had the virus, 150,000 or more cases per year |
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Term
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency SYndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| HIV is the virus that casues AIDS, Not all people infected with HIV will get AIDS. AIDS is a disease characterized by severe weakening of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid weight loss, dry cough, fever, profound fatigue, pneumornia, blotches, memory loss, depression, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagnosed cases of HIV infection must be referred to clinical specialists in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, the virus mutates rapidly and treatments change to follow mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| Timely testing of you and every sexual partner PRIOR to having sex, condom use, behavorial modifications |
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Term
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Definition
| HIV destroys cells of the immune system, leading to compromised bodily defense system that can no longer fight other diseases and infections |
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Term
| How HIV becomes AIDS (stages) |
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Definition
| Stage 1 - Flu-like symptoms appear 2-4 weeds after infection. Latent Period - symptoms dissapear. Stage 2 - AIDS-related complex. Final Stage - progessive and irreversible destruction of the immune system, opportunistic infections and cancers move in leading to death |
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Term
| HIV/AIDS Prevelance in the US |
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Definition
| 35,000 to 40,000 new cases annually, Close to 1,000,000 cases at any time, Approx. 15,000 deaths annually |
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