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Definition
| knowing the physical universe |
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Definition
| studying living organisms (viruses) |
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Definition
| cells (sans viruses), respiration/metabolism, responses, homeostasis, growth/rep, evolution |
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Definition
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Definition
| kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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| five kingdom classification |
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Definition
| animalae (hetero,eukary), plantae (auto,eukary), fungi (saprobe,eukary), protista (het/auto, eukary), monerans (hetero,prokary) |
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Definition
| genus and species (Homo Sapiens with underlining) |
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Definition
| observe, question, hypothesis, experiment (ind can't change, dependent changes, standardized the same), conclusion |
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Definition
| atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community-ecosystem-biospheres |
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| proton, neutron, electron |
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Definition
| pro/neut inside w/ electrons on shell |
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Term
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Definition
| # of electrons needed to fill shell-2 on first shell, 8 on second, 8 on third |
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Definition
| unstable atoms w/o correct # of electrons |
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Definition
| strongest-share electrons |
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Definition
| moderate-electrons transferred |
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Definition
| weak-two polar molecules w/ H involved--DNA/Water |
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Definition
| scale from 1-14 w/ 1-6 acidic, 8-14 basic (acid=more H and base=less H) |
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Term
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Definition
| made of CH2O (energy)-have monosaccharides (one ring-glucose), disaccharides (two rings-sucrose), polysaccharides (many rings-starch) |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid and glycerol (three fatty acid chains)-phospholipids (hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails)--steroids not fatty acid or glycerol-have four random rings |
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Term
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Definition
| made of amino acids-primary is order, secondary is configuration (alpha helix, beta pleated, random coil), tertiary is 3D appearance, quaternary is like collagen/hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| end in "ase"-named after their molecule-recycled-lower activation energy to process reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| made of nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, base)--DNA (double w/ thymine), RNA (single w/ uricil), hydrolysis (poly to mono), dehydration (mono to poly) |
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Term
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Definition
| cells discovered by Hooke |
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Term
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Definition
| standard looks at dead things vs. complex (SEM for 3D surface or TEM for flat internal) |
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Term
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Definition
| one cell engulfed another and used symbiosis |
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Term
| eukaryotes vs prokaryotes |
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Definition
| nucleus, larger ribosomes, double DNA, cilia VS. no nucleus, single DNA, small ribosomes, no cilia/mitoch. |
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| extracellular environment |
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Definition
| protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, carbs |
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Term
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Definition
| transport thru bilayer-cell structure, recognition, communication, adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
| don't need cellular energy-osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion (needs protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| needs ATP-moves against the flow-endocytosis (taking in) and exocytosis (dumping) |
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Term
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Definition
| houses DNA-porous-double membrane-makes mRNA to decode DNA to string together amino acids---translation (RNA made into protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| most of the ribosomes-made of RNA/protein--RER has ribosomes, SER doesn't |
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Definition
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Definition
| vesicles to transport proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks stuff down-degrades molecules-detoxifies |
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Definition
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Definition
| only in eukarys-powerhouse that makes ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| anabolism-energy-building phase--active sites shaped by order of amino acids |
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Definition
| monomer (nucleotide)--ADP-->ATP by adding another phosphate--aerobic/anaerobic |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose and oxygen-->CO2 and H2O-->36 ATP----glycolysis-glucose in,pyruvate out,creates NADH shuttle--preparatory-pyruvate in,acetylcholae--Krebs-acetylcholae in,more NADH--electron transport chain-chemiosomatic (H from high to low concentration)---oxygen accepts electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| no mitochondria-2ATP per glucose-lactic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| linings,glands,protection--named (squamous,cuboidal,columnar)-layers (simple,stratified) |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in a matrix (nonliving backdrop)--specialized--cartilage (chondrocytes)--bone (osteon arcs and osteocyte spaces)--blood (erythrocytes/red, leukocytes/white,platelets/cell pieces)--adipose (fat tissue) |
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Definition
| skeletal (muscles to bone)--cardiac (heart,branched)--smooth (no striations) |
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Definition
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Definition
| protection w/ skin,nails,hair--resp. for body temp,defense,vitamin D,sensory reception,skin (epidermis w/ melanocytes,dermis,hypodermis |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.hyperplasia-extra cell growth-not harmful--2.dysplasia-cells changing shape-not cancerous--3.metastatis-cancer cells can go anywhere--4.angiogenesis-blood vessels give blood to tumor--(thymine dimer-thymine binds together---BAD) |
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Term
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Definition
| basal carcinoma and squamous carcinoma (benign)--melanoma (melanocytes compromised-deadly) |
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Term
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Definition
| Asymmetry, Border irregularities, Color varied, Diameter larger than 6mm |
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Term
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Definition
| support,movement,protection,blood cell production,storage of lipids |
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Definition
| pithases (ends of bone)--diaphysis (middle)--bl.vessels inside--yellow marrow for energy and red marrow for stem cells--ligaments to connect bones |
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Term
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Definition
| osteocyte-mature bone cell--osteoblast-bone-forming cell--osteoclast-cuts back bone--chondrocyte-cartilage cell |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilage,ossification (cart.to bone),growth plate left |
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Term
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Definition
| bones good for 10 yrs.--chondroblasts build model,osteoblasts harden bone--osteocytes mature bone--osteoclasts dissolve bone |
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Definition
| hematoma (blood clot)--cartilagenous (hard ring at pt. of break,fibroblasts turn into chondroblasts)--new bone laid down--repair |
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Term
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Definition
| parathyroid for more calcium vs. lower calcium levels |
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Term
| sprain vs. arthritis vs. osteoporosis |
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Definition
| ligaments stretched vs. inflammation of joint vs. bone breaks down w/ too much osteoclast work |
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