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BioS 100 Exam III
Meiosis, Meitosis, Plants, Animals... whatever
18
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/09/2008

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Term
Parenchyma Cells
Definition

least specialized plant cells; thin and somewhat flexible cell walls; living at maturity; carry on most of the plant's metabolic functions; generally have a large central vacuole

most parenchyma cells have the ability to differentiate into other cell types under special conditions

Term
Collenchyma cells
Definition

thicker primary walls

living at maturity

role in support of herbaceous plants (strings of celery)

Term

Sclerenchyma Cells

Definition

Thick secondary cell walls

dead at functional maturity

cannot increase in length-- occur in parts of the plant which have quit growing in length

two types- fibers and sclerids

Term
Fibers
Definition
long, slender cells with a more or less regular secondary cell wall (hemp for rope)
Term
Sclerids
Definition

shorter cells with an irregular shape

(stone cells in pears and hard nut and seed shells)

Term
xylem
Definition

-involved in conduct of water and ions in the plant

-typically composed of non-living conductive cells and living parenchyma cells

-dead at functional maturity

-also dist. throughout the tracheids & vessel elements

two types of conductive cells: tracheids and vessels

Term
tracheid
Definition
long, slender cells connected to each other by pits. found in all vascular plants
Term
vessles
Definition

shorter, larger diameter cells (than tracheids) with completely perforated cell wall ends.

found only in angeosperms

Term
phloem
Definition

-transport of sucrose, other orgo compounds, and some ions

-conductive cells living at functional maturity

-endwalls connect to each other via sieve-plates

-two types of conductive cells inthe phloem: sieve tube members and companion cells

-sclerenchuma tissue also associated.

Term
sieve-tube members
Definition
acutal conduit for sucrose support
Term
companion cells
Definition
has a nucleus that may also control the sieve-tube element and may aid in sucrose loading
Term
dermal tissue
Definition

generally a single layer of cells

the skin of the plant

primarily parenchyma cells

main role is protection of the plant

Term
ground tissue
Definition
makes up the bulk of the plant
Term
monocots
Definition

floral arrangement: 3's

leaf: parallel

vasc. bundles: scattered

habit: herbaceous

root: fibrous

growth: primary only

i.e. grass palm orchid lily

Term
dicots:
Definition

floral: 4s and 5s

leaf: net

vasc. bundle: ring

habit: herbaceous + woody

roots: taproot

growth: primary and secondary

examples: oaks, roses and sunflowers

Term
root system
Definition

underground

anchor the plant in the soil

absorb water and nutirents

conduct water and nutrients

food storage

Term
shoot system
Definition

above ground

elevates plant above soil

many funcitons including: photosyn, repro and dispersal, food and water conduction

includes leaves and reproductive organs.

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