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Definition
-regulates bodies internal environment.
-conducts signals from sensory receptors from within internal organs and relays this information to the CNS. Also relays signals back to organs from CNS. |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| conserves energy to maintain bodily function in a vegetative state. |
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Definition
| Na+ rushes into neuron until electrical potential across the membrane passes beyond zero to a reversed polarity-positive inside relative to outside |
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Definition
| muscles twitch with stimulation to brain |
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| Egyptian viewpoint of mind body problem |
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Definition
| they believed consciousness and intelligence was mediated by the centrally located heart |
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| Aristotle's evidence the heart is location of mind |
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Definition
1. the heart is warm and not cold as the brain
2. heart is first thing to form |
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| Central Nervous System(CNS) |
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Definition
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| Fluid mechanical theroy- fluid forced in ventricals through nerves to move limbs |
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Definition
| semipermeable membrane that encloses the neuron |
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| the brain and mind are separate entities. |
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| examines effects of drugs on the nervous system and the brain |
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Definition
R&R worker injured by tnt blast.
-spike went through skull and frontal lobes |
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Term
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Definition
is produced by Chorid Plexus.
-located in the ventricals of Cerebral Hemisphere.
-125mL
-Buoyancy-reduces momentum and acceleration of brain
-waste collector- removes waste from neural metabolism |
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Definition
| gaps between sections of myelin |
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Definition
| gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted |
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Definition
| fatty insulation around many axons |
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Definition
| compares behavior of different species |
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Definition
ablation studies in pigeons
-he attacked phrenology
-he removed brain areas in pigeons to discover their functions |
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Definition
| study psychological effects of brain damage |
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Definition
| long, narrow, process that projects from the cell body |
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Definition
| button like endings of the axon branches which release chemicals into synapses. |
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Term
| Franz Gall(Austrian Doctor) |
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Definition
-founder of phrenology-measuring of bumps on skull
-personalty traits in certain brain parts caused displacement of skull
-skull bumps represent brain bumps
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Term
| discoveries of 18th Century |
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Definition
1.brain communicates with body through nerves.
2.the brain generates electricity
3.brain follows laws of nature like a machine
4.different identifiable parts |
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Definition
| studies relationship between physiological and psychological psychology |
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Term
| Darwin and natural selection |
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Definition
| Behavior reflects activities of nervous system and brain mechanisms may be identical among species |
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Definition
| study of neural mechanisms of behavior through direct manipulation of the brain through controlled experiments. |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Part of the ANS. organizes and mobilizes energy sources during times of threat |
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Definition
| Found damage in left frontal lobe of a patient who could understand language but could not speak. |
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Definition
| short processes emanating from the cell body. |
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Definition
| the cone shaped region at the junction between the axon and the cell body. |
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| Hippocrates view of ind body problem |
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Definition
| first to suggest link between mental events and brain |
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Term
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Definition
GLIA
-nfluence the neurite outgrowth or rtraction
-regulates chemical content of extra cellar space
-controls concentration of several ions
-affects synaptic transmission. |
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Term
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Definition
GLIA
produces myelin spirals for multiple axons |
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Term
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Definition
| Prduces myelin for only one axon |
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Definition
| acts as phagocytes to remove debris |
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Definition
| medulla oblongata- controls some reflexes ( heart rate, breathing, vomiting, sneezing) |
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Definition
cerebellum - involved in sensorimotor coordination and balance. May be more active in organizing sensory information that guides movement
-pons - (Latin for bridge) many axons in the pons cross from one side of the brain to the other. It contains nuclei for several cranial nerves |
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Term
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Definition
tectum - (Latin for roof) has 2 swellings: the superior colliculus (visual orienting) and inferior colliculus (auditory orienting)
-tegmentum - periaqueductal gray (pain), substantia nigra (motor movement) and ventral tegmental area (reward) |
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Definition
thalamus - made up of several different nuclei, especially important for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
-hypothalamus - motivated behaviors, i.e. feeding, drinking & sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebral Cortex or Neocortex - 6 layered. The back half involved in sensory information. The front half involved in motor information or action |
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Term
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Definition
Hippocampus involved in memory for facts and possibly navigating in space.
Pyriform cortex involved in memories for odors.
-Amygdala (Latin for almond) - involved in emotional behavior for both positive and negative affect. |
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Definition
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| cooling just above freezing |
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Definition
| Increases release and blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
destroys DA (Dopamine) & 5-HT (Serotonin) axons
-low doses releases dopamine; higher doses releases 5-HT |
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Term
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Definition
agonists: mimics the action of particular neurotransmitter molecules, e.g. nicotine
2. antagonist: blocks the actions of specific neurotransmitters, e.g. scopolamine |
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Term
| Inactivation and reuptake of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
. Breakdown with enzyme, e.g. acetylcholinesterase
2. Directly attach to protein and send back into the bouton, e.g. serotonin and catecholamines |
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Term
| Different types of presynaptic receptors |
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Definition
1. autoreceptor - sensitive to the neurotransmitter released by terminal bouton-acts as negative feedback
2. heteroreceptor - responds to chemical other than the neurotransmitter released by terminal bouton, e.g. nicotinic receptors at DA terminals |
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Term
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Definition
quick start (10 ms) with short duration (30 ms
Immediately opens gates for ions
Most abundant: glutamate (excitatory),
Ionotropic synapses are used for quick events like visual stimulation, muscle movements, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
late start (30 ms) with duration up to hours
activates G-protein inside membrane
G-Protein activates second messenger system
affects much of cell: opens or closes ion channels, changes protein production, or activates chromosomes in cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Ca++ influx causes neuron to release neurotransmitter |
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Term
| Synthesis of small vs. large neurotransmitters |
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Definition
Small neurotransmitters synthesized in the bouton and packaged in vesicles, e.g. ACh
Large neurotransmitters synthesized in the cell body by ribosomes and transported by microtubles, e.g. dynorphin |
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Term
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Definition
| Excitory post synaptic potentials - increases the likelyhood a nearon will fire. |
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Definition
| Inhibitory post synaptic potential- decreases the likeleyhood a nearon will fire. |
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