Term
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Definition
| A chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant than the synapse by diffusing away from the point of release. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at great distance, often by traveling through the circulation. |
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Term
| Small-molecule transmitter |
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Definition
| One of a group of chemical messengers that includes amino acids and amines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator, or a neurohormone. |
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Term
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Definition
| An essential component of proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major small-molecule neurotransmitter used at the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the central nervous system. |
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Term
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) |
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Definition
| An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A postsynaptic receptor that responds to nicotine and ACh. |
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Term
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Definition
| A postsynaptic receptor that responds to both ACh and muscarine. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A member of a group of related biogenic amines that includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a subgroup of monoamines, including serotonin and melatonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that breaks down monoamines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance produced during the synthesis of catecholamines that is also administered as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter implicated in motor control, reward, and psychosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the monoamine/catecholamine neurotransmitters; also known as adrenaline. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to participate in the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A byproduct of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that functions as a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gas that performs a type of signaling between neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance derived from a plant that depletes supplies of monoamines by interfering with the uptake of monoamines into synaptic vesicles; used to treat high blood pressure but often produces depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatal condition produced by bacteria in spoiled food, in which a toxin produced by the bacteria prevents the release of ACh. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance derived from Amazonian plants that causes paralysis by blocking the nicotinic ACh receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major tranquilizer that acts as a GABA agonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that produces strong sedation by acting as a GABA agonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that interferes with the transport of released neurotransmitter molecules back into the presynaptic terminal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A brainstem area, in which the blood-brain barrier is more permeable, that triggers vomitting in response to the detection of circulating toxins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
| A research design in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant is receiving a drug or a placebo until after the research is concluded. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which more of a drug is needed to produce the same effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| The symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer administered or are administered in smaller quantities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dopaminergic structure believed to participate in reward and addiction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that produces changes in mental processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug found in coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate that acts as an antagonist to adenosine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulant drug that is the major active component found in tobacco. |
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Term
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Definition
| A powerful, addictive dopamine agonist derived from the leaves of coca plant of South America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A highly addictive drug that acts as a potent dopamine agonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variation of amphetamine that is cheaply produced and widely abused in the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| A close relative of amphetamine that produces its behavioral effects by stimulating the release of serotonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| An illegal liquid sedative that appears to affect the threshold of response for a number of neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound extracted from opium, used to treat pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| An opium derivative used medicinally for cough suppression and pain relief. |
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Term
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Definition
| An active substance derived from the opium poppy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids. |
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Term
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Definition
| An opium derivative used medicinally for cough suppression and pain relief. |
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Term
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Definition
| An active substance derived from the opium poppy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely related to opioids. |
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Term
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
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Definition
| The major ingredient of cannabis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally occurring brain chemical that interacts with cannabinoid receptors. |
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Term
| sn-2 arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) |
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Definition
| A possible candidate for a naturally occurring cannabinoid in the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The active hallucinogenic ingredient found in the peyote cactus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hallucinogen that acts as an antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. |
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Term
| Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) |
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Definition
| A hallucinogenic drug that resembles serotonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| An herb that is frequently used to self-treat mild depression. |
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