Term
| major roles of hypothalamus |
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Definition
#1 controlling homestasis/hormones/balance
#2 regulating emotion arousal and the release of cortisol (stress) |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in the release of hormone into the blood that then travels to the organ in the periphery (signal takes longer to receive and lasts longer) |
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Term
| endocrine system hierarchy |
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Definition
| hypothalamus>pituitary>hormones put into general circulation around body>endocrine glands>release hormones to influence some specific cellular response |
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Term
| 2 ways hypothalamus affects neuroendocrine signaling in pituitary |
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Definition
1: releases neuro-hormones into the blood that stimulate/inhibit hormone release from the anterior pituitary
2: direct innervation of the posterior pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| detects satiety hormones (leptin and insulin) and regulates behavior through other nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| detects satiety hormones (leptin and insulin) and regulates behavior through other nuclei |
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Term
| high leptin/insulin levels |
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Definition
| excite CART in ARC>paraventricular nucleus (>anterior pituitary>increases HPA and HPT>increases metabolic rate) and lateral hypothalamic area (inhibits LH to reduce "hunger") |
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Term
| low leptin/insulin levels |
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Definition
| activation of Neuropeptide Y in ARC>paraventricular nucleus(inhibits PVN output to anterior pituitary>decreased HPA and HPT>decreased metabolic rate) and lateral hypothalamic area (excited LH to stimulate "hunger" in limbic system) |
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Term
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Definition
(hypothalmus-pituitary-adrenal glands)
critical regulator of body's response to stressful stimuli (increase available energy)
-ultimately increases the amount of cortisol and epinephrine in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| H receives neuronal input from cortex, hippocampus or amygdala (about stress, memories of, or associations of)>activates PVN>stimulates release of CRH>activates CRH receptors in pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors for CRH in pituitary are activated>release of ACTH in bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| ACTH released by pituitary binds to ACTH receptors in adrenal cortex>receptor activation causes release of cortisol>cortisol circulates to target organs > binds to glucocorticoid receptors>increases energy for activity to cope with stress |
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Term
| effects of chronic stress |
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Definition
desensitization of receptors-hyperactivity
-elevated cortisol:depressed immune system, overstimulated cardiovascular system, neuron death, steroid diabetes, loss of sex drive |
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Term
| HPG equivalents to HPA axis hormones |
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Definition
CRH=GnRH
ACTH=LF&FSH
Cortisol=testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen |
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